64 research outputs found

    Reforming Federal Systems: Insights from Australia, Canada, Germany and Switzerland

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    SĂ©rie de l'Observatoire des fĂ©dĂ©rationsReform represents a distinct mode of change within federal systems that can be distinguished from passive adaptation. Through reform, political actors deliberately seek to alter parts of the federal institutional architecture so as to modify or even reverse an established historical trajectory. This study systematically explores the variety of reform patterns in federal systems by looking at instances of institutional reforms in four federations (Australia, Canada, Germany and Switzerland) since the early 1990s. It demonstrates that reform patterns exhibit interesting similarities and differences. To a great extent, these are largely contingent on the nature of problems that different types of federalism tend to produce. The study detects similarities between Australia and Canada, where federal reforms sought to strengthen mechanisms of collaboration and to address the vertical fiscal imbalance, and between Germany and Switzerland, where dis-entanglement occurred as the leitmotiv of federal reforms. At the same time, the study finds no systematic connection between one of the two identified reform patterns on the one hand, the sustainability of federal reforms on the other hand. While Australia and Switzerland seem to represent examples of rather sustainable reform pathways, in Canada and Germany the gap between reform rhetoric and reform impact remains large.La rĂ©forme reprĂ©sente un mode distinct de changement Ă  l’intĂ©rieur des systĂšmes fĂ©dĂ©raux qui peut ĂȘtre distinguĂ©e de l’adaptation passive. À travers une rĂ©forme, les acteurs politiques cherchent dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment Ă  altĂ©rer des parties de l’architecture institutionnelle fĂ©dĂ©rale pour modifier ou mĂȘme renverser la trajectoire historique Ă©tablie. Cette Ă©tude explore de façon systĂ©matique la variĂ©tĂ© des modĂšles de rĂ©formes dans les systĂšmes fĂ©dĂ©raux par l’observation d’exemples de rĂ©formes institutionnelles dans quatre fĂ©dĂ©rations (Australie, Canada, Allemagne et Suisse) depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 90. Elle dĂ©montre que les modĂšles de rĂ©formes ont des similaritĂ©s et des diffĂ©rences intĂ©ressantes qui, dans une large mesure, sont grandement dĂ©pendantes de la nature des problĂšmes que tendent Ă  produire les diffĂ©rents types de fĂ©dĂ©ralismes. L’étude dĂ©note des similaritĂ©s entre l’Australie et le Canada oĂč les rĂ©formes fĂ©dĂ©rales ont cherchĂ© Ă  renforcer les mĂ©canismes de collaboration et Ă  rĂ©pondre au dĂ©sĂ©quilibre fiscal vertical, et entre l’Allemagne et la Suisse oĂč le dĂ©s-enchevĂȘtrement a Ă©tĂ© le leitmotiv des rĂ©formes fĂ©dĂ©rales. Dans un mĂȘme temps, l’étude ne trouve aucun lien systĂ©matique entre ces deux types de rĂ©forme et leur durabilitĂ©. Alors que l’Australie et la Suisse semblent reprĂ©senter des exemples d’avenues de rĂ©formes plutĂŽt durables, au Canada et en Allemagne l’écart entre la rhĂ©torique de la rĂ©forme et l’impact de celle-ci reste important.CÉRIUM ; Observatoire des fĂ©dĂ©rations ; IdĂ©e fĂ©dĂ©ral

    Matthias Wenzel : ein Beitrag zur mittelhessischen Bildhauerkunst im 17. Jahrhundert

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    Weitere drei Grabsteine um 1700 vom Alten Friedhof in Gießen

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    Reforms at Risk: Die Energietransformation im kanadischen Bundesstaat an der Wegscheide

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    AnsĂ€tze fĂŒr eine energiepolitische Transformation im kanadischen Bundesstaat im Zeichen klimapolitischer Herausforderungen lassen sich bis in die 1980er Jahre zurĂŒckverfolgen. Hatte sich der Wandel zunĂ€chst eher inkrementell vollzogen, war der Transformationsprozess seit 2006 auf der Bundesebene durch zwei relativ abrupte Strategiewechsel gekennzeichnet. Im selben Zeitraum traten zudem die Provinzen mit unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen verstĂ€rkt in Erscheinung, und zwar sowohl individuell als auch durch koordinierte AktivitĂ€ten. Der Beitrag argumentiert, dass die spezifischen Bedingungen der kanadischen politischen Ökonomie in Verbindung mit institutionellen Faktoren (Westminster-Demokratie und dualer Föderalismus) den Transformationsprozess sowohl begĂŒnstigen als auch hemmen. Einerseits ermöglichen sie Policy-Innovationen auf beiden Systemebenen, andererseits erschweren sie jedoch die langfristige Konsolidierung von Wandel in der Energiepolitik, die seit jeher ein vergleichsweise konfliktintensives Politikfeld in Kanada darstellt.Early efforts to transform Canadian energy policy in light of emerging concerns over climate change can be traced back to the 1980s. While policy changes to unfold incrementally, the pattern has changed since 2006. On the federal level, Canadian energypolicy underwent two rather abrupt changes. At the same time, provinces have become more engaged as well, both unilaterally and through coordinated efforts. The article argues that interaction of economic and institutional factors have both facilitated and hampered the politics of energy transformation in Canada. They have encouraged policy innovation on both levels of government, while at the same time they complicate the consolidation of policy change over time

    Multilevel Trade Policy in the Joint‐Decision Trap? The Case of CETA

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    Wallonia’s refusal to ratify CETA in October 2016 suggests that multilevel trade politics may increasingly be subject to the pitfalls of joint decision-making, or even a joint-decision trap. This article, however, presents a more nuanced perspective that builds on a comparative analysis of intergovernmental configurations that underpinned constituent units’ participation in CETA in the four formal federations Canada, Belgium, Germany, and Austria. It shows, firstly, that joint decision-making is only one mode of intergovernmental trade policy coordination that needs to be distinguished from others. Second, joint decision-making rarely leads to a joint decision trap as actors seek to bypass the institutional constraints entailed in this mode of intergovernmental coordination. The study has implications beyond the field of trade policy as it contributes to the comparative analysis of intergovernmental relations in Canada and Europe

    The Politics Prime Ministers Make: Secular and Political Time in Canadian Context

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    This paper uses Stephen Skowronek’s framework for the study of presidential politics to detect recurrent leadership patterns in Canada. While institutional differences, most notably variation concerning the incumbent’s time in office as well as the less fragmented institutional architecture of Canada’s Westminster democracy, require some modifications, the paper demonstrates that prime ministers and presidents, in principle, face a similar leadership problem. Depending on the condition of the political regime (vulnerable or resilient) and the respective incumbent’s political identity (opposed or affiliated), Canadian prime ministers – just as presidents in United States – tend to engage different leadership patterns. These insights, the paper concludes, open up interesting opportunities to put the American presidency into a comparative perspective

    Die ReformfÀhigkeit von Sozialpolitik im Föderalismus

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    Die ReformfÀhigkeit von Sozialpolitik im Föderalismus : Kanada in vergleichender Perspektive. - In: Sozialer Bundesstaat - ein Spannungsfeld / Ralf Thomas Baus ... (Hrsg.). - Sankt Augustin u.a. : Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, 2006. - S. 179-201. - (Zukunftsforum Politik ; 82

    Der kanadische Föderalismus

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    Der kanadische Föderalismus : eine historisch-institutionalistische Analyse. - Wiesbaden : VS, Verl. fĂŒr Sozialwiss., 2009. - 389 S. - (Politikwissenschaftliche Paperbacks ; 40). - Zugl.: Augsburg, Univ., Diss., 200

    Federal dynamics: Introduction

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