1,291 research outputs found
Leveling the Field: Talking Levels in Cognitive Science
Talk of levels is everywhere in cognitive science. Whether it is in terms of adjudicating longstanding debates or motivating foundational concepts, one cannot go far without hearing about the need to talk at different âlevelsâ. Yet in spite of its widespread application and use, the concept of levels has received little sustained attention within cognitive science. This paper provides an analysis of the various ways the notion of levels has been deployed within cognitive science. The paper begins by introducing and motivating discussion via four representative accounts of levels. It then turns to outlining and relating the four accounts using two dimensions of comparison. The result is the creation of a conceptual framework that maps the logical space of levels talk, which offers an important step toward making sense of levels talk within cognitive science
Volcanic smog and cardiometabolic health: Hawaiian hypertension?
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149349/1/jch13500.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149349/2/jch13500_am.pd
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Fodor's New Theory of Content and Computation
In his new book, The Elm and the Expert, Fodor attempts to reconcile the computational model of human cognition with information-theoretic semantics, the view that semantic content consists of nothing more than causal or nomic relationships between words and the world, and intentional content of nothing more dian causal or nomic relationships between brain states and the world. We do not challenge the project, not in this paper. Nor do we show that Fodor has failed to carry it out. Instead, we urge that his analysis, when made explicit, turns out rather differently than he thinks. In particular, where he sees problems, he sometimes shows that there is no problem. And while he says two conceptions of information come to much the same thing, his analysis shows that they are very different
Arm Position During Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: A Review of the Evidence and Clinical Guidelines
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106696/1/jch12255.pd
Breeding Season Survival of Female Lesser Scaup in the Northern Boreal Forest
One hypothesis advanced to explain the decline in lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) populations during the past 20 years is that adult female survival has decreased. However, no survival probability estimates exist for the boreal forest, the region where most scaup breed. We captured and radio-marked female lesser scaup (n = 42) near Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, just before the breeding season in 1999 and 2000. Constant weekly survival probability was estimated using a Cormack-Jolly- Seber model (0.96). We extrapolate this rate to estimate survival probability for the nesting season (0.80, SE = 0.09), the period when females are at greatest risk of predation. Recent estimates of annual mortality (42%) suggest that about 50% of annual female mortality occurs during the breeding season, a result similar to recent conclusions from studies of prairie-nesting lesser scaup. Further, our survival estimate provides information required to produce preliminary models of population dynamics for boreal lesser scaup, a step that could greatly improve our understanding of decline in this species.Une hypothĂšse qui a Ă©tĂ© avancĂ©e pour expliquer le dĂ©clin des populations du petit fuligule (Aythya affinis) au cours des 20 derniĂšres annĂ©es est que la survie de la femelle adulte a baissĂ©. Il nâexiste cependant aucune estimation de la probabilitĂ© de survie pour la forĂȘt borĂ©ale, rĂ©gion oĂč se reproduisent la plupart des fuligules. Juste avant la saison de reproduction en 1999 et 2000, on a capturĂ©, prĂšs de Yellowknife dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, des fuligules femelles (n = 42) quâon a Ă©quipĂ©es de radio-Ă©metteurs. Ă lâaide du modĂšle de Cormack-Jolly-Seber, on a estimĂ© la probabilitĂ© de survie hebdomadaire (0,96) sur une base constante. On a extrapolĂ© ce taux pour estimer la probabilitĂ© de survie pour la saison de reproduction (0,80, erreur-type = 0,09), pĂ©riode qui reprĂ©sente pour les femelles le plus grand risque de prĂ©dation. De rĂ©centes estimations de la mortalitĂ© annuelle (42 %) suggĂšrent quâenviron 50 % de cette derniĂšre chez la population femelle se produit durant la saison de reproduction, ce quâon retrouve aussi dans les rĂ©sultats dâĂ©tudes rĂ©centes sur le fuligule nichant dans la prairie. De plus, notre estimation de la survie offre des renseignements qui sont nĂ©cessaires Ă lâĂ©laboration de modĂšles prĂ©liminaires de la dynamique des populations chez le fuligule borĂ©al, une Ă©tape qui permettrait dâamĂ©liorer considĂ©rablement notre comprĂ©hension du dĂ©clin de lâespĂšce
Water loss by transpiration and soil evaporation in coffee shaded by Tabebuia rosea Bertol. and Simarouba glauca DC. compared to unshaded coffee in sub-optimal environmental conditions.
The 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines: Should they have included proven nonpharmacological blood pressureâlowering strategies such as Transcendental Meditation?
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148410/1/jch13488_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148410/2/jch13488.pd
Impacts of a flaring star-forming disc and stellar radial mixing on the vertical metallicity gradient
Using idealized N-body simulations of a Milky Way-sized disc galaxy, we qualitatively study how the metallicity distributions of the thin disc star particles are modified by the formation of the bar and spiral arm structures. The thin disc in our numerical experiments initially has a tight negative radial metallicity gradient and a constant vertical scaleheight. We show that the radial mixing of stars drives a positive vertical metallicity gradient in the thin disc. On the other hand, if the initial thin disc is flared, with vertical scaleheight increasing with galactocentric radius, the metal-poor stars, originally in the outer disc, become dominant in regions above the disc plane at every radii. This process can drive a negative vertical metallicity gradient, which is consistent with the current observed trend. This model mimics a scenario where the star-forming thin disc was flared in the outer region at earlier epochs. Our numerical experiment with an initial flared disc predicts that the negative vertical metallicity gradient of the mono-age relatively young thin disc population should be steeper in the inner disc, and the radial metallicity gradient of the mono-age population should be shallower at greater heights above the disc plane. We also predict that the metallicity distribution function of mono-age young thin disc populations above the disc plane would be more positively skewed in the inner disc compared to the outer disc
âEnvironmental Hypertensionologyâ The Effects of Environmental Factors on Blood Pressure in Clinical Practice and Research
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88111/1/j.1751-7176.2011.00543.x.pd
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