A failed cultural transfer? Literary internationalism after the First Wold War and the transnational construction of ‘Europe’

In this article we analyze the misunderstandings and asymmetries in cultural transfers by exploring the (nationalist-)internationalist intentions behind the production and reception of the volume Europas Neue Kunst und Dichtung/De Nieuwe Europeesche geest in kunst en letteren (1920). This German-Dutch-Italian-English-Belgian collaboration aimed at a climate of international understanding by informing the European audience about literary developments abroad. The initiators, among them the German art historian Friedrich Markus Huebner, the Belgian journalist Paul Colin and the Dutch literary critic Dirk Coster, believed that a reconciliation of war-torn Europe could be established through a cultural transfer between national literatures, that each in their own, unique way reflected a ‘new European spirit’

The Glycaemic Index-Food-Frequency Questionnaire: Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire designed to estimate the dietary intake of glycaemic index and glycaemic load:An effort by the PREVIEW Consortium

Dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) are indices used to quantify the effect of carbohydrate quality and quantity on postprandial glycaemia. GI/GL-health associations are widely studied but data on the validity of integrated GI/GL measurements are scarce. We evaluated the performance of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) specifically developed to assess GI/GL. In total, 263 Dutch men and 212 women (aged 55 ± 11 years) completed a 58-item GI-FFQ, an 183-item general-FFQ and a 2-day 24 h-recall and donated blood for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) determination. The level of agreement between these methods was evaluated by (1) cross-classification, (2) correlations and (3) Bland and Altman plots. The three dietary assessment methods provided comparable mean intake estimates for total carbohydrates (range: 214–237 g/day), mono/disaccharides (100–107 g/day), polysaccharides (114–132 g/day), as well as bread, breakfast cereals, potatoes, pasta, rice, fruit, dairy, cakes/cookies and sweets. Mean (±SD) GI estimates were also comparable between the GI-FFQ (54 ± 3), general-FFQ (53 ± 4) and 24 h-recalls (53 ± 5). Mean (±SD) GI-FFQ GL (117 ± 37) was slightly lower than the general-FFQ GL (126 ± 38) and 24 h-recalls GL (127 ± 37). Classification of GI in quartiles was identical for the GI-FFQ and general-FFQ for 43% of the population (r = 0.58) and with 24 h-recalls for 35% of the population (de-attenuated r = 0.64). For GL, this was 48% (r = 0.65) and 44% (de-attenuated r = 0.74). Correlations between GI and HbA1c were low (r = −0.09 for GI-FFQ, r = −0.04 for general-FFQ and r = 0.07 for 24 h-recalls). In conclusion, compared to a general-FFQ and 24 h-recalls, the GI-FFQ showed a moderate to good relative validity for carbohydrates, carbohydrate-rich foods and GI/GL. No metric predicted HbA1c

Effect van droogte op stedelijk gebied, Kennisinventarisatie

Deze kennisinventarisatie beschrijft de resultaten van een literatuurstudie naar de beschikbare kennis over de kwetsbaarheid van stedelijk gebieden voor droogte en de relevante processen, die optreden bij droogte in de stad. Hiernaast zijn voor deze studie de resultaten van een workshop met de gemeente Rotterdam, de betrokken waterschappen en verschillende onderzoekers en de resultaten van interviews met experts gebruikt. De studie is uitgevoerd binnen het onderzoeksprogramma Kennis voor Klimaat