Evaluatie vennootschapsbelasting

Een lagere effectieve druk op ondernemingen is in Nederland niet noodzakelijk, maar een lager tarief van de vennootschapsbelasting is wél wenselijk

The serological relationship of South African bovine enterovirus strains (Ecbo SA-I and-II) and the growth characteristics in cell culture of the prototype strain (Ecbo SA-I)

A locally isolated bovine enterovirus designated echovirus SA-I was found to belong to the Weybridge serotype 134. The growth characteristics of the virus in a number of cell types were studied. Its replicative cycle and its effect on the metabolism of the host cell, studied by means of isotope-labelling techniques, closely resemble those of other enteroviruses. It was shown that the inhibitors of cellular RNA and protein synthesis are produced normally even if replication of the infecting virus is blocked by guanidine.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Fibrinolytics and intraventricular hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is an independent poor prognostic factor in subarachnoid and intra-parenchymal hemorrhage. The use of intraventricular fibrinolytics (IVF) has long been debated, and its exact effects on outcomes are unknown. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines to assess the impact of IVF after non-traumatic IVH on mortality, functional outcome, intracranial bleeding, ventriculitis, time until clearance of third and fourth ventricles, obstruction of external ventricular drains (EVD), and shunt dependency. Nineteen studies were included in the meta-analysis, totaling 1020 patients. IVF was associated with lower mortality (relative risk [RR] 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47-0.72), fewer EVD obstructions (RR 0.41; 95% CI 0.22-0.74), and a shorter time until clearance of the ventricles (median difference [MD] - 4.05 days; 95% CI - 5.52 to - 2.57). There was no difference in good functional outcome, RR 1.41 (95% CI 0.98-2.03), or shunt dependency, RR 0.93 (95% CI 0.70-1.22). Correction for publication bias predicted an increased risk of intracranial bleeding, RR 1.67 (95% CI 1.01-2.74) and a lower risk of ventriculitis, RR 0.68 (95% CI 0.45-1.03) in IVH patients treated with IVF. IVF was associated with improved survival, faster clearance of blood from the ventricles and fewer drain obstructions, but further research is warranted to elucidate the effects on ventriculitis, long-term functional outcomes, and re-hemorrhage.Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie

The endoscope-assisted supraorbital "keyhole" approach for anterior skull base meningiomas: an updated meta-analysis

Introduction The gold-standard treatment for symptomatic anterior skull base meningiomas is surgical resection. The endoscope-assisted supraorbital "keyhole" approach (eSKA) is a promising technique for surgical resection of olfactory groove (OGM) and tuberculum sellae meningioma (TSM) but has yet to be compared with the microscopic transcranial (mTCA) and the expanded endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) in the context of existing literature. Methods An updated study-level meta-analysis on surgical outcomes and complications of OGM and TSM operated with the eSKA, mTCA, and EEA was conducted using random-effect models. Results A total of 2285 articles were screened, yielding 96 studies (2191 TSM and 1510 OGM patients). In terms of effectiveness, gross total resection incidence was highest in mTCA (89.6% TSM, 91.1% OGM), followed by eSKA (85.2% TSM, 84.9% OGM) and EEA (83.9% TSM, 82.8% OGM). Additionally, the EEA group had the highest incidence of visual improvement (81.9% TSM, 54.6% OGM), followed by eSKA (65.9% TSM, 52.9% OGM) and mTCA (63.9% TSM, 45.7% OGM). However, in terms of safety, the EEA possessed the highest cerebrospinal fluid leak incidence (9.2% TSM, 14.5% OGM), compared with eSKA (2.1% TSM, 1.6% OGM) and mTCA (1.6% TSM, 6.5% OGM). Finally, mortality and intraoperative arterial injury were 1% or lower across all subgroups. Conclusions In the context of diverse study populations, the eSKA appeared not to be associated with increased adverse outcomes when compared with mTCA and EEA and offered comparable effectiveness. Case-selection is paramount in establishing a role for the eSKA in anterior skull base tumours.Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie

The endoscopic endonasal approach is not superior to the microscopic transcranial approach for anterior skull base meningiomas-a meta-analysis

Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie

Neurosurgical randomized trials in low-and middle-income countries

BACKGROUND: The setting of a randomized trial can determine whether its findings are generalizable and can therefore apply to different settings. The contribution of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) to neurosurgical randomized trials has not been systematically described before.OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic analysis of design characteristics and methodology, funding source, and interventions studied between trials led by and/or conducted in high-income countries (HICs) vs LMICs.METHODS: From January 2003 to July 2016, English-language trials with >5 patients assessing any one neurosurgical procedure against another procedure, nonsurgical treatment, or no treatment were retrieved from MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Income classification for each country was assessed using the World Bank Atlas method.RESULTS: A total of 73.3% of the 397 studies that met inclusion criteria were led by HICs, whereas 26.7% were led by LMICs. Of the 106 LMIC-led studies, 71 were led by China. If China is excluded, only 8.8% were led by LMICs. HIC-led trials enrolled a median of 92 patients vs a median of 65 patients in LMIC-led trials. HIC-led trials enrolled from 7.6 sites vs 1.8 sites in LMIC-led studies. Over half of LMIC-led trials were institutionally funded (54.7%). The majority of both HIC- and LMIC-led trials evaluated spinal neurosurgery, 68% and 71.7%, respectively.CONCLUSION: We have established that there is a substantial disparity between HICs and LMICs in the number of published neurosurgical trials. A concerted effort to invest in research capacity building in LMICs is an essential step towards ensuring context- and resource-specific high-quality evidence is generated.Scientific Assessment and Innovation in Neurosurgical Treatment Strategie

The occurrence of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid in fossil plant materials and their use as UV-proxy.

The applicability of p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid concentrations or ratios in (sub)fossil plant remnant as UV-B proxies relies on various aspects, which are discussed in this paper and will be illustrated with some experimental data. A newly developed THM-micropyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was tested on various spores, pollen and other plant remains, which were analysed for the presence of the UV-absorbing compounds p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. This revealed that these supposed building-blocks of sporopollenin appear to be present in pollen of many plant species but also in moss spores. The development of this micropyrolysis method paved the way for the quantitative analysis of UV-absorbing compounds in case only a small amount of analyte is available, for example for fossil pollen and spores but also other small palynomorphs and plant fossils. The use of this technique will provide a better insight in the plant responses to UV-radiation, the chemistry of pollen and spores, their fossil counterparts and furthermore the means for a further development of a proxy for the reconstruction of past UV-B radiation. © Springer 2006

Dendrochronology in the High Arctic: July air temperatures reconstructed from annual shoot length growth of the circumarctic dwarf shrub Cassiope tetragona.

The instrumental Arctic climate record is both temporally and spatially limited. Therefore, there is a need for reliable climate proxies to increase knowledge of past and future Arctic climate change. Annual shoot length increase of the circumarctic dwarf shrub species Cassiope tetragona represents such a new climate proxy. We measured annual shoot length increase of 32 plant samples of the circumarctic dwarf shrub species C. tetragona using the presence of wintermarksepta within the stems, resulting in a 169 year growth chronology (1840-2008) for a High Arctic site on Svalbard. This is the longest growth chronology for dwarf shrub species produced up to now. Relationships between climate and Cassiope growth were investigated through correlative, response function and forward stepwise multiple regression analysis. July average air temperature was found to be the most important factor determining growth, by itself capable of explaining 41% of the variance in shoot growth between 1912 and 2008. The second best predictors were previous year September precipitation sums and average air temperatures, along with several previous growth parameters. A multiple regression model explaining growth with current July and previous year September temperature, combined with previous growth of lag 1, 2 and 5 years as predictors explains 70% of the observed variance in growth. July temperatures and previous year September precipitation sums alone explain 59% of the variance in standardized growth. Mean July air temperature was reconstructed for the period between 1876 and 2007 by a growth-temperature transfer model, using current and following year's growth. The estimated temperatures correlated well with measured temperatures over the calibration (1912-1959) and verification (1960-2007) period:

Intensive prolonged exposure therapy for chronic PTSD patients following multiple trauma and multiple treatment attempts

Contains fulltext : 185908.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)Background: Suboptimal response and high dropout rates leave room for improvement of trauma-focused treatment (TFT) effectiveness in ameliorating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Objective: To explore the effectiveness and safety of intensive prolonged exposure (iPE) targeting chronic PTSD patients with a likely diagnosis of ICD-11 Complex PTSD following multiple interpersonal trauma and a history of multiple treatment attempts. Method: Participants (N = 73) received iPE in 12 x 90-minute sessions over four days (intensive phase) followed by four weekly 90-minute booster prolonged exposure (PE) sessions (booster phase). The primary outcomes, clinician-rated severity of PTSD symptoms, and diagnostic status (Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale; CAPS-IV) were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and at three and six months. Treatment response trajectories were identified and predictors of these trajectories explored. Results: Mixed model repeated measures analysis of CAPS-IV scores showed a baseline-to-posttreatment decrease in PTSD symptom severity (p 1.2); 71% of the participants responded. None of the participants dropped out during the intensive phase and only 5% during the booster phase. Adverse events were extremely low and only a minority showed symptom exacerbation. Cluster analysis demonstrated four treatment response trajectories: Fast responders (13%), Slow responders (26%), Partial responders (32%), and Non-responders (29%). Living condition and between-session fear habituation were found to predict outcome. Participants living alone were more likely to belong to the Partial responders than to the Non-responders cluster, and participants showing more between-session fear habituation were more likely to belong to the Fast responders than to the Non-responders cluster. Conclusions: The results of this open study suggest that iPE can be effective in PTSD patients with multiple interpersonal trauma and after multiple previous treatment attempts. In addition, in this chronic PTSD population iPE was safe.14 p

Dynamics of growth and water relations of Fodderbeet and Seabeat in response to salinity.

A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with two subspecies of beet, fodderbeet (Beta vulgaris cv. Majoral) and seabeet (Beta maritima), under saline conditions. Growth and physiological parameters (dry weight, leaf area, water relations and net photosynthesis) were recorded. The two subspecies responded differently in terms of growth parameters. Plant growth was significantly reduced at 400 mM NaCl, while no significant growth reduction occurred at 200 mM NaCl. Fairly high values of relative growth rate were associated with the leaf area of the cultivars. The water content of the shoot decreased with plant age. The fodderbeet cultivar. Majoral showed a significant increase in dry matter at 200 mM NaCl after 5 weeks. This growth improvement may be related to the better adaptation of the plants under saline conditions