The Nonlinear Asymptotic Stage of the Rayleigh-Taylor Instability with Wide Bubbles and Narrowing Spikes

The potential flow of an incompressible inviscid heavy fluid over a light one is considered. The integral version of the method of matched asymptotic expansion is applied to the construction of the solution over long intervals of time. The asymptotic solution describes the flow in which a bubble rises with constant speed and the "tongue" is in free fall. The outer expansion is stationary, but the inner one depends on time. It is shown that the solution exists within the same range of Froude number obtained previously by Vanden-Broeck (1984a,b). The Froude number and the solution depend on the initial energy of the disturbance. At the top of the bubble, the derivative of the free-surface curvature has a discontinuity when the Froude number is not equal to 0.23. This makes it possible to identify the choice of the solution obtained in a number of studies with the presence of an artificial numerical surface tension. The first correction term in the neighborhood of the tongue is obtained when large surface tension is included

Probing dynamical spacetimes with gravitational waves

This decade will see the first direct detections of gravitational waves by observatories such as Advanced LIGO and Virgo. Among the prime sources are coalescences of binary neutron stars and black holes, which are ideal probes of dynamical spacetime. This will herald a new era in the empirical study of gravitation. For the first time, we will have access to the genuinely strong-field dynamics, where low-energy imprints of quantum gravity may well show up. In addition, we will be able to search for effects which might only make their presence known at large distance scales, such as the ones that gravitational waves must traverse in going from source to observer. Finally, coalescing binaries can be used as cosmic distance markers, to study the large-scale structure and evolution of the Universe. With the advanced detector era fast approaching, concrete data analysis algorithms are being developed to look for deviations from general relativity in signals from coalescing binaries, taking into account the noisy detector output as well as the expectation that most sources will be near the threshold of detectability. Similarly, several practical methods have been proposed to use them for cosmology. We explain the state of the art, including the obstacles that still need to be overcome in order to make optimal use of the signals that will be detected. Although the emphasis will be on second-generation observatories, we will also discuss some of the science that could be done with future third-generation ground-based facilities such as Einstein Telescope, as well as with space-based detectors.Comment: 38 pages, 9 figures. Book chapter for the Springer Handbook of Spacetime (Springer Verlag, to appear in 2013

Large-amplitude capillary waves in electrified fluid sheets

Large-amplitude capillary waves on fluid sheets are computed in the presence of a uniform electric field acting in a direction parallel to the undisturbed configuration. The fluid is taken to be inviscid, incompressible and non-conducting. Travelling waves of arbitrary amplitudes and wavelengths are calculated and the effect of the electric field is studied. The solutions found generalize the exact symmetric solutions of Kinnersley (1976) to include electric fields, for which no exact solutions have been found. Long-wave nonlinear waves are also constructed using asymptotic methods. The asymptotic solutions are compared with the full computations as the wavelength increases, and agreement is found to be excellent

Trapped waves between submerged obstacles

Free-surface flows past submerged obstacles in a channel are considered. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational. In previous work involving a single obstacle (Dias & Vanden-Broeck 2002), new solutions called ‘generalized hydraulic falls’ were found. These solutions are characterized by a supercritical flow on one side of the obstacle and a train of waves on the other. However, in the case of a single submerged object, the generalized hydraulic falls are unphysical because the waves do not satisfy the radiation condition. In this paper new solutions for the flow past two obstacles of arbitrary shape are computed. These solutions are characterized by a train of waves ‘trapped’ between the obstacles. The generalized hydraulic falls are shown to describe locally the flow over one of the two obstacles when the distance between the two obstacles is large