1,654 research outputs found
Magneto-optical Kerr effect in
We have measured the magneto-optical Kerr rotation of ferromagnetic
with x=0.2 and 0.4, as well as of serving as
the non-magnetic reference material. As previously for , we could
identify a feature at 1 in the Kerr response which is related with
electronic transitions involving the localized 4f electron states. The absence
of this feature in the data for confirms the relevance of the
partially occupied 4f states in shaping the magneto-optical features of
-based hexaborides. Disorder by -doping broadens the itinerant charge
carrier contribution to the magneto-optical spectra
Theory and design of InGaAsBi mid-infrared semiconductor lasers: type-I quantum wells for emission beyond 3 m on InP substrates
We present a theoretical analysis and optimisation of the properties and
performance of mid-infrared semiconductor lasers based on the dilute bismide
alloy InGaAsBi, grown on conventional (001) InP
substrates. The ability to independently vary the epitaxial strain and emission
wavelength in this quaternary alloy provides significant scope for band
structure engineering. Our calculations demonstrate that structures based on
compressively strained InGaAsBi quantum wells (QWs)
can readily achieve emission wavelengths in the 3 -- 5 m range, and that
these QWs have large type-I band offsets. As such, these structures have the
potential to overcome a number of limitations commonly associated with this
application-rich but technologically challenging wavelength range. By
considering structures having (i) fixed QW thickness and variable strain, and
(ii) fixed strain and variable QW thickness, we quantify key trends in the
properties and performance as functions of the alloy composition, structural
properties, and emission wavelength, and on this basis identify routes towards
the realisation of optimised devices for practical applications. Our analysis
suggests that simple laser structures -- incorporating
InGaAsBi QWs and unstrained ternary
InGaAs barriers -- which are compatible with established
epitaxial growth, provide a route to realising InP-based mid-infrared diode
lasers.Comment: Submitted versio
Optical evidence for a spin-filter effect in the charge transport of
We have measured the optical reflectivity of
as a function of temperature between 1.5 and 300
and in external magnetic fields up to 7 . The slope at the onset of the
plasma edge feature in increases with decreasing temperature and
increasing field but the plasma edge itself does not exhibit the remarkable
blue shift that is observed in the binary compound . The analysis of
the magnetic field dependence of the low temperature optical conductivity
spectrum confirms the previously observed exponential decrease of the
electrical resistivity upon increasing, field-induced bulk magnetization at
constant temperature. In addition, the individual exponential magnetization
dependences of the plasma frequency and scattering rate are extracted from the
optical data.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Magneto-optical evidence of double exchange in a percolating lattice
Substituting by in ferromagnetic leads to a percolation
limited magnetic ordering. We present and discuss magneto-optical data of the
series, based on measurements of the reflectivity
from the far infrared up to the ultraviolet, as a function of
temperature and magnetic field. Via the Kramers-Kronig transformation of
we extract the complete absorption spectra of samples with
different values of . The change of the spectral weight in the Drude
component by increasing the magnetic field agrees with a scenario based on the
double exchange model, and suggests a crossover from a ferromagnetic metal to a
ferromagnetic Anderson insulator upon increasing -content at low
temperatures.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
The `bare' strange stars might not be bare
It is proposed that the `bare' strange matter stars might not be bare, and
radio pulsars might be in fact `bare' strange stars. As strange matter stars
being intensely magnetized rotate, the induced unipolar electric fields would
be large enough to construct magnetospheres. This situation is very similar to
that discussed by many authors for rotating neutron stars. Also, the strange
stars with accretion crusts in binaries could act as X-ray pulsars or X-ray
bursters. There are some advantages if radio pulsars are `bare' strange stars.Comment: 11 pages, 1 Postscript figures, LaTeX, Chin. Phys. Lett. 1998,
Vol.15, Nov.12, p.93
Methane Mitigation:Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement
The atmospheric methane burden is increasing rapidly, contrary to pathways compatible with the goals of the 2015 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement. Urgent action is required to bring methane back to a pathway more in line with the Paris goals. Emission reduction from “tractable” (easier to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as the fossil fuel industries and landfills is being much facilitated by technical advances in the past decade, which have radically improved our ability to locate, identify, quantify, and reduce emissions. Measures to reduce emissions from “intractable” (harder to mitigate) anthropogenic sources such as agriculture and biomass burning have received less attention and are also becoming more feasible, including removal from elevated-methane ambient air near to sources. The wider effort to use microbiological and dietary intervention to reduce emissions from cattle (and humans) is not addressed in detail in this essentially geophysical review. Though they cannot replace the need to reach “net-zero” emissions of CO2, significant reductions in the methane burden will ease the timescales needed to reach required CO2 reduction targets for any particular future temperature limit. There is no single magic bullet, but implementation of a wide array of mitigation and emission reduction strategies could substantially cut the global methane burden, at a cost that is relatively low compared to the parallel and necessary measures to reduce CO2, and thereby reduce the atmospheric methane burden back toward pathways consistent with the goals of the Paris Agreement
Faraday rotation in the MOJAVE blazars: 3C 273 a case study
Radio polarimetric observations of Active Galactic Nuclei can reveal the
magnetic field structure in the parsec-scale jets of these sources. We have
observed the gamma-ray blazar 3C 273 as part of our multi-frequency survey with
the Very Long Baseline Array to study Faraday rotation in a large sample of
jets. Our observations re-confirm the transverse rotation measure gradient in
3C 273. For the first time the gradient is seen to cross zero which is further
indication for a helical magnetic field and spine-sheath structure in the jet.
We believe the difference to previous epochs is due to a different part of the
jet being illuminated in our observations.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in the proceedings of "Beamed and
Unbeamed Gamma-rays from Galaxies", held in Muonio, Finland, April 11-15,
2011. Journal of Physics: Conference Serie
On the source of Faraday rotation in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120
The source of Faraday rotation in the jet of the radio galaxy 3C120 is
analyzed through Very Long Baseline Array observations carried out between 1999
and 2007 at 86, 43, 22, 15, 12, 8, 5, 2, and 1.7 GHz. Comparison of
observations from 1999 to 2001 reveals uncorrelated changes in the linear
polarization of the underlying jet emission and the Faraday rotation screen:
while the rotation measure (RM) remains constant between approximately 2 and 5
mas from the core, the RM-corrected electric vector position angles (EVPAs) of
two superluminal components are rotated by almost 90 degrees when compared to
other components moving through similar jet locations. On the other hand, the
innermost 2 mas experiences a significant change in RM -- including a sign
reversal -- but without variations in the RM-corrected EVPAs. Similarly,
observations in 2007 reveal a double sign reversal in RM along the jet, while
the RM-corrected EVPAs remain perpendicular to the jet axis. Although the
observed coherent structure and gradient of the RM along the jet supports the
idea that the Faraday rotation is produced by a sheath of thermal electrons
that surrounds the emitting jet, the uncorrelated changes in the RM and
RM-corrected EVPAs indicate that the emitting jet and the source of Faraday
rotation are not closely connected physically and have different configurations
for the magnetic field and/or kinematical properties. Furthermore, the
existence of a region of enhanced RM whose properties remain constant over
three years requires a localized source of Faraday rotation, favoring a model
in which a significant fraction of the RM originates in foreground clouds.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures; Accepted for publication in Ap
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