18,901 research outputs found

    Bipolar Lawson Tau-Surfaces and Generalized Lawson Tau-Surfaces

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    Recently Penskoi [J. Geom. Anal. 25 (2015), 2645-2666, arXiv:1308.1628] generalized the well known two-parametric family of Lawson tau-surfaces τr,m\tau_{r,m} minimally immersed in spheres to a three-parametric family Ta,b,cT_{a,b,c} of tori and Klein bottles minimally immersed in spheres. It was remarked that this family includes surfaces carrying all extremal metrics for the first non-trivial eigenvalue of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the torus and on the Klein bottle: the Clifford torus, the equilateral torus and surprisingly the bipolar Lawson Klein bottle τ~3,1\tilde{\tau}_{3,1}. In the present paper we show in Theorem 1 that this three-parametric family Ta,b,cT_{a,b,c} includes in fact all bipolar Lawson tau-surfaces τ~r,m\tilde{\tau}_{r,m}. In Theorem 3 we show that no metric on generalized Lawson surfaces is maximal except for τ~3,1\tilde{\tau}_{3,1} and the equilateral torus.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.1628 by other author

    Signal ratio system utilizing voltage controlled oscillators Patent

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    Voltage controlled oscillators and pulse amplitude modulation for signal ratio syste

    Radiative Transfer Along Rays in Curved Spacetimes

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    Radiative transfer in curved spacetimes has become increasingly important to understanding high-energy astrophysical phenomena and testing general relativity in the strong field limit. The equations of radiative transfer are physically equivalent to the Boltzmann equation, where the latter has the virtue of being covariant. We show that by a judicious choice of the basis of the phase space, it is generally possible to make the momentum derivatives in the Boltzmann equation vanish along an arbitrary (including nongeodesic) path, thus reducing the problem of radiative transfer along a ray to a path integral in coordinate space.Comment: To be published in MNRAS Letter

    An interferometer tracking radar system

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    Fine tuning acquisition and tracking interferometer radar system uses a first antenna array of at least three receiving antennas. Array includes a reference antenna, a coarse tuning antenna, and a fine tuning antenna aligned on a receiving axis. Short range rendezvous system provides increased position accuracy

    Ni-cd Battery Life Expectancy in Geosynchronous Orbit

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    The feasibility of using nickel cadmium batteries as an alternate if flight qualified NiH2 batteries are not available is explored. Battery life expectancy data being a key element of power system design, an attempt is made to review the literature, life test data and in orbit performance data to develop an up to date estimate of life expectancy for NiCd batteries in a geosynchronous orbit

    Band engineering in dilute nitride and bismide semiconductor lasers

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    Highly mismatched semiconductor alloys such as GaNAs and GaBiAs have several novel electronic properties, including a rapid reduction in energy gap with increasing x and also, for GaBiAs, a strong increase in spin orbit- splitting energy with increasing Bi composition. We review here the electronic structure of such alloys and their consequences for ideal lasers. We then describe the substantial progress made in the demonstration of actual GaInNAs telecomm lasers. These have characteristics comparable to conventional InP-based devices. This includes a strong Auger contribution to the threshold current. We show, however, that the large spin-orbit-splitting energy in GaBiAs and GaBiNAs could lead to the suppression of the dominant Auger recombination loss mechanism, finally opening the route to efficient temperature-stable telecomm and longer wavelength lasers with significantly reduced power consumption.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figure

    Frequency-Dependent Shift in the Image Centroid of the Black Hole at the Galactic Center as a Test of General Relativity

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    The inferred black hole in the Galactic center spans the largest angle on the sky among all known black holes. Forthcoming observational programs plan to localize or potentially resolve the image of Sgr A* to an exquisite precision, comparable to the scale of the black hole horizon. Here we show that the location of the image centroid of Sgr A* should depend on observing frequency because of relativistic and radiative transfer effects. The same effects introduce a generic dependence of the source polarization on frequency. Future detection of the predicted centroid shift and the polarization dependence on frequency can be used to determine the unknown black hole spin and verify the validity of General Relativity.Comment: Submitted to ApJ Letter
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