Alternate methods of applying diffusants to silicon solar cells

Low-melting phosphate and borate glasses were screen printed on silicon wafers and heated to form n and p junctions. Data on surface appearance, sheet resistance and junction depth are presented. Similar data are reported for vapor phase transport from sintered aluminum metaphosphate and boron-containing glass-ceramic solid sources. Simultaneous diffusion of an N(+) layer with screen-printed glass and a p(+) layer with screen-printed Al alloy paste was attempted. No p(+) back surface field formation was achieved. Some good cells were produced but the heating in an endless-belt furnace caused a large scatter in sheet resistance and junction depth for three separate lots of wafers

The relationship between the actual and ideal leadership styles of high school assistant principals over selected district instructional objectives

The problem this study focused on was, what was the relationship between the actual and ideal leadership styles of high school assistant principals over selected district instructional objectives. In completing the research for this study, the situational leadership style and readiness theories of Paul Hersey and Kenneth H. Blanchard were used; Their theories regarding the relationship between a leader\u27s actual and ideal leadership styles were applied to the assistant principals and teachers of nine high schools of the Clark County School District in Southern Nevada. A random sampling of these teachers were given the Readiness Style Match survey developed by Hersey and Blanchard The results provided actual and ideal style data for three objectives from the district\u27s Performance Criteria Log. An attached questionnaire regarding the moderating variables of teacher age, sex, length of experience, and length of tenure was also given a Partial Correlation analysis, the data was processed to provide partial correlation coefficients on the relationship between actual and ideal styles of assistant principals for three selected objectives, while controlling for the above mentioned moderating variables; The results indicated that there was no positive relationship between the actual and ideal leadership styles of high school assistant principals for the selected objectives. However, frequency data indicated that a linear situation, necessary for satisfactory correlations, did not exist. Therefore, partial correlation procedures proved to be less than reliable for analysis

Interprofessional Education in a Pharmacy Context: Global Report 2015

Many global organisations — for example the World Health Organization (WHO) and the World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) — in addition to national bodies, have endorsed statements promoting the importance of collaborative practice in healthcare provision. When medicines are part of a prevention or treatment plan, a pharmacist is essential to providing the best quality of patient care with a special focus on ensuring responsible use of medicines; hence collaborative practice should be seen as critical to developing pharmaceutical roles in healthcare systems. Both WHO and FIP have agreed that interprofessional education (IPE) is a foundation that leads to a collaborative, practice-ready workforce, and collaborative practice leads to a strengthened healthcare system, resulting in improved patient health outcomes. IPE is, therefore, a key strategy for initial and continuing professional education and training. IPE efforts should, ideally, involve both future and present healthcare workers, and should begin before registration or licensing and persist through the course of the career via continuing professional development (CPD). Although healthcare professionals and researchers are becoming more focused on IPE and its potential impact, there is still a lack of strong evidence supporting a positive impact on health processes and patient outcomes. The WHO, in collaboration with partners and countries, is in the process of rolling out guidelines for IPE through a series of methods, including social media and a web portal on transformative education featuring global case studies as well as activities by subject matter experts (http:// whoeducationguidelines.org /). At country level, activities continue as part of priority setting of education and training activities in human resources for health among all health professionals. Professional leadership bodies, accreditation agencies and regulators see incorporating IPE as a key policy thread in their strategic policy; formation and collaboration between these agencies is becoming more common. This FIP Education report presents a collection of case studies and examples that reflect innovation and creativity centred on IPE. These case studies highlight diverse approaches and show that IPE is becoming a more mainstream education activity for students, trainees, and practitioners worldwide. Still, FIPEd acknowledges the limited evidence and evaluation regarding the long-term impact of IPE initiatives. This suggests that it is needed to continue to follow projects such as those highlighted here and also encourage stronger interprofessional dialogue about monitoring and evaluation methods

Heterogeneity of signal transduction at the subcellular level: microsphere-based focal EGF receptor activation and stimulation of Shc translocation

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, erbB1) activation and translocation of the Shc adaptor protein to activated receptors were analyzed at the subcellular level by dual-label immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy in conjunction with a new microsphere-based protocol. In the Quantitative Microsphere Recruitment Assay (QMRA) introduced here, epidermal growth factor-coated 1 mm diameter microspheres were distributed over the surface of adherent tissue culture cells expressing the receptor. High-resolution confocal microscopy of a fusion construct of the receptor and the green fluorescent protein expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells demonstrated that engulfment and internalization of the microspheres occurred rapidly within minutes, and in a receptor activation-dependent manner. In human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, receptor activation and Shc translocation persisted over the 20-minute time course of the experiments. However, at the subcellular level the positive correlation of receptor activation and Shc translocation observed at 5-8 minutes dissipated, indicating a time-dependent decoupling of thetwo events and variation in the kinetics of signal transduction for different subcellular locations

Study of an engine flow diverter system for a large scale ejector powered aircraft model

Requirements were established for a conceptual design study to analyze and design an engine flow diverter system and to include accommodations for an ejector system in an existing 3/4 scale fighter model equipped with YJ-79 engines. Model constraints were identified and cost-effective limited modification was proposed to accept the ejectors, ducting and flow diverter valves. Complete system performance was calculated and a versatile computer program capable of analyzing any ejector system was developed

A new approach to mass spectrometer measurements of thermospheric density

The gas sampling problem in satellite and high velocity probes was investigated by applying the theory of a drifting Maxwellian gas. A lens system using a free stream ion source was developed and experimentally evaluated over the pressure range of 0.00001 to 0.01 N/m sq (approx. 10 to the minus 7th power to 0.0001 torr). The source has high beam transparency, which minimizes gas-surface collisions within, or near, the ionization volume. It is shown that for high ion energy (60 eV), the extracted ion beam has an on-axis energy spread of less than 4 eV, and that 90 percent of the ions are within 2.5 deg of the beam axis. It is concluded that the molecular beam mass spectrometer concept, developed for gas density measurements in the upper atmosphere, substantially reduces gas-surface scattering and gas-surface reactions in the sample, and preserves the integrity of the gas sample during the analysis process. Studies show that both the Scout and Delta launch vehicles have adequate volume, control, velocity, and data acquisition capability necessary to obtain thermospheric number density in real time

Kalahari vulture declines, through the eyes of meerkats^§

Vulture populations are experiencing rapid declines across the globe. While the declines have been most precipitous in Asia, recent reports suggest African populations are likewise imminently threatened. As the factors underlying these general population trends are multifaceted and will vary in their relative intensity spatially, it is imperative that monitoring data across different vulture populations is assimilated if targeted conservation action is to prove most effective. In this study, we highlight a medium-term decline in the African White-backed Vulture $\textit{Gyps africanus}$ population inhabiting the southern Kalahari, South Africa, using a long-term behavioural data set collected from a habituated population of meerkats $\textit{Suricata suricatta}$. Meerkats emit an alarm call on sighting airborne vultures, which elicits a group-level response, such that the rates at which this behaviour is recorded in meerkats provides a high-resolution proxy for local vulture abundance. Although unconventional, this sampling method uncovered a steady decline over 17 years in White-backed Vulture numbers that mirrors the temporal decline recently documented in other southern African populations. Tout autour du globe, les populations de vautours connaissent un déclin rapide. Alors que ce déclin s’est précipité au sein des populations d’Asie, de récents rapports suggèrent que les populations africaines sont au moins aussi menacées à court terme. Les facteurs qui influencent ces tendances démographiques générales ont plusieurs facettes et varient de manière spatiale dans leur intensité relative. Par conséquent, il est impératif de collecter et regrouper des données de surveillance sur différentes populations pour mettre en place des stratégies de conservation efficaces et ciblées. Dans cette étude, je souligne le déclin à moyen terme d’une population de Vautour africain ($\textit{Gyps africanus}$) vivant dans la partie sud du Kalahari, en Afrique du Sud, en utilisant un jeu de données comportementales de long terme, récoltées sur une population de suricates ($\textit{Suricata suricatta}$) habitués. Les suricates émettent une vocalisation d’alarme lorsqu’ils voient un vautour en vol, ce qui déclenche une réponse anti-prédateur au sein du groupe. La fréquence à laquelle ce comportement est observé et relevé chez les suricates représente un substitut fiable et de grande résolution pour attester de l’abondance locale de vautours. Bien que peu conventionnelle, cette méthode d’échantillonnage a mis en évidence une diminution constante du nombre de Vautours africains au cours de 17 dernières années, qui reflète le déclin récemment documenté dans d’autres populations d’Afrique australe.This paper has relied on the longitudinal behavioural data of the Kalahari Meerkat Project, which is currently supported by the European Research Council (Research Grant no. 294494 to TCB since July 2012), the Mammal Research Institute at the University of Pretoria, and the University of Zurich. JBT is funded by a NERC Doctoral Training Program