Aislamiento e identificación de células madre adultas a partir de la grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa / Isolation and identification of stem cells derived of infrapatelar fat pad

ResumenIntroducción: La grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa es una inclusión infraarticular presente en la rodilla y existen evidencias que células multipotentes están presentes en tejido adiposo del humano adulto.Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es aislar e identificar células mesenquimales a partir de muestras de la grasa de Hoffa tomadas de pacientes a los que se les practicó cirugía de rodilla que expongan este tejido.Metodología: Una vez obtenido el consentimiento informado de un total de 12 pacientes, se obtuvo la muestra de tejido graso. La grasa fue disgregada incubándola en colagenasa en PBS a 37ºC y con agitación, luego se inactivó con suero fetal bovino, se separaron mediante centrifugación los adipocitos maduros de las células multipotentes y se obtuvieron las muestras para sembrar en medio Mesencult. Una porción de muestra fue utilizada para identificación mediante citometría de flujo y otra parte para ser coloreada con azul de metileno.Resultados y Discusión: Tanto en las tinciones con azul de metileno como en los cultivos celulares se han apreciado células con la morfología propia de una célula mesenquimal en forma de estrella y que fueron corroborados mediante citometría de flujo para los marcadores CD13, CD29, CD59 y CD105; igualmente hemos podido observar la efectividad del tratamiento enzimático.Conclusiones: En la actualidad nos encontramos consolidando los cultivos primarios para posteriormente diferenciarlos en líneas celulares específicas que puedan ser utilizadas en estudios de patologías, tales como obesidad, diabetes y trastornos articulares.Palabras clave: Células madre, grasa de Hoffa, células mandis, cultivo celular.AbstractIntroduction: The infrapatellar fat pad (sometimes know Hoffa´s pad) is a soft tissue that lies beneath the patella (kneecap) separating it from the femoral condyle. There is evidence suggesting the presence of stem cells on adipose tissue in the adult human.Objective: The purpose of this work is to isolate and identify grown stem cells from Hoffa´s fat samples obtained from patients undergoing surgeries exposing this tissue.Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the biopsy of Hoffa´s fat pad was obtained. The samples were incubated with collagenase and PBS a 37 ºC and agitated, then it was inactivated with fetal bovine serum and centrifuged, washed twice with PBS, the pellet was resuspended and one part was cultivated on Mesencult medium the other part was used for flow cytometry and stained with methylene blue for morphologic analysis. Also before and after the enzyme digestion, the samples were added to 10% formaldehyde to evaluate the collagenase treatment.Results and analysis: The results show the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment, the architecture of the adipose tissue was lost. The star shape stem cells morphology was appreciated with methylene blue in the cultures, it was corroborated by flow cytometry with CD13, CD29, CD59 and CD 105 markers.Conclusions: Primary cultures are consolidating, the next aim will be to obtain differentiated specific cell types that can be use in the study of obesity, diabetes and articular illnesses. Keywords: Stem cells, infrapatellar fat pad, mandis cells, culture cellula

Caracterización de la calidad, capacidad y precio como factores determinantes de la competitividad del aguacate Hass en los municipios Filandia, Salento y Pijao del departamento del Quindío con destino a mercados internacionales

The next research titled “Characterization of the quality, capacity and price as determinant factors of the competitiveness of Hass avocado in the department of Quindío principally destined to international markets” has as intention to describe the three factors that influence in the region’s competitiveness doing an analysis of the correlation between the factors quality, capacity, price and the legal requirements of the international markets, taking into account that currently there are an unsatisfied demand of Hass avocado on the foreign market and it represents an opportunity for the department according to the comparative and competitive advantages that it has. The methodology used it for this research will be descriptive with a mixed method to ensure the description of the factors according to the data collected by the producers and exporters of the department.La siguiente investigación titulada “caracterización de la calidad, capacidad y precio como factores determinantes de la competitividad del aguacate Hass en el departamento del Quindío con destino a mercados internacionales” tiene como propósito describir los tres factores que inciden en la competitividad de la región haciendo un análisis de la correlación entre los factores calidad, capacidad y precio y las exigencias legales de los mercados internacionales, teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad hay una demanda insatisfecha del aguacate Hass en el mercado exterior lo cual representa una oportunidad para el departamento de acuerdo a las ventajas comparativas y competitivas que posee. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación será de carácter descriptivo con un método mixto, que garantice la descripción de los factores de acuerdo a la información recolectada por los productores del departamento.1. Resumen anteproyecto ............................................................. 3 2. Marco teórico .......................................................................... 11 3. Diseño metodológico ............................................................... 23 4. Desarrollo de la investigación ................................................... 27 5. Discusión del dato .................................................................... 80PregradoAdministrador de Negocio

Aislamiento e identificación de células madre adultas a partir de la grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa / Isolation and identification of stem cells derived of infrapatelar fat pad

ResumenIntroducción: La grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa es una inclusión infraarticular presente en la rodilla y existen evidencias que células multipotentes están presentes en tejido adiposo del humano adulto.Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es aislar e identificar células mesenquimales a partir de muestras de la grasa de Hoffa tomadas de pacientes a los que se les practicó cirugía de rodilla que expongan este tejido.Metodología: Una vez obtenido el consentimiento informado de un total de 12 pacientes, se obtuvo la muestra de tejido graso. La grasa fue disgregada incubándola en colagenasa en PBS a 37ºC y con agitación, luego se inactivó con suero fetal bovino, se separaron mediante centrifugación los adipocitos maduros de las células multipotentes y se obtuvieron las muestras para sembrar en medio Mesencult. Una porción de muestra fue utilizada para identificación mediante citometría de flujo y otra parte para ser coloreada con azul de metileno.Resultados y Discusión: Tanto en las tinciones con azul de metileno como en los cultivos celulares se han apreciado células con la morfología propia de una célula mesenquimal en forma de estrella y que fueron corroborados mediante citometría de flujo para los marcadores CD13, CD29, CD59 y CD105; igualmente hemos podido observar la efectividad del tratamiento enzimático.Conclusiones: En la actualidad nos encontramos consolidando los cultivos primarios para posteriormente diferenciarlos en líneas celulares específicas que puedan ser utilizadas en estudios de patologías, tales como obesidad, diabetes y trastornos articulares.Palabras clave: Células madre, grasa de Hoffa, células mandis, cultivo celular.AbstractIntroduction: The infrapatellar fat pad (sometimes know Hoffa´s pad) is a soft tissue that lies beneath the patella (kneecap) separating it from the femoral condyle. There is evidence suggesting the presence of stem cells on adipose tissue in the adult human.Objective: The purpose of this work is to isolate and identify grown stem cells from Hoffa´s fat samples obtained from patients undergoing surgeries exposing this tissue.Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the biopsy of Hoffa´s fat pad was obtained. The samples were incubated with collagenase and PBS a 37 ºC and agitated, then it was inactivated with fetal bovine serum and centrifuged, washed twice with PBS, the pellet was resuspended and one part was cultivated on Mesencult medium the other part was used for flow cytometry and stained with methylene blue for morphologic analysis. Also before and after the enzyme digestion, the samples were added to 10% formaldehyde to evaluate the collagenase treatment.Results and analysis: The results show the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment, the architecture of the adipose tissue was lost. The star shape stem cells morphology was appreciated with methylene blue in the cultures, it was corroborated by flow cytometry with CD13, CD29, CD59 and CD 105 markers.Conclusions: Primary cultures are consolidating, the next aim will be to obtain differentiated specific cell types that can be use in the study of obesity, diabetes and articular illnesses. Keywords: Stem cells, infrapatellar fat pad, mandis cells, culture cellula

Isolation and identification of stem cells derived of infrapatelar fat pad

16 páginasThe infrapatellar fat pad (sometimes know Hoffa´s pad) is a soft tissue that lies beneath the patella (kneecap) separating it from the femoral condyle. There is evidence suggesting the presence of stem cells on adipose tissue in the adult human. Objective: The purpose of this work is to isolate and identify grown stem cells from Hoffa´s fat samples obtained from patients undergoing surgeries exposing this tissue. Materials and Methods: After obtaining informed consent, the biopsy of Hoffa´s fat pad was obtained. The samples were incubated with collagenase and PBS a 37 ºC and agitated, then it was inactivated with fetal bovine serum and centrifuged, washed twice with PBS, the pellet was resuspended and one part was cultivated on Mesencult medium the other part was used for flow cytometry and stained with methylene blue for morphologic analysis. Also before and after the enzyme digestion, the samples were added to 10% formaldehyde to evaluate the collagenase treatment. Results and analysis: The results show the effectiveness of the enzymatic treatment, the architecture of the adipose tissue was lost. The star shape stem cells morphology was appreciated with methylene blue in the cultures, it was corroborated by flow cytometry with CD13, CD29, CD59 and CD 105 markers. Conclusions: Primary cultures are consolidating, the next aim will be to obtain differentiated specific cell types that can be use in the study of obesity, diabetes and articular illnesses.La grasa infrapatelar de Hoffa es una inclusión infraarticular presente en la rodilla y existen evidencias que células multipotentes están presentes en tejido adiposo del humano adulto. Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo es aislar e identificar células mesenquimales a partir de muestras de la grasa de Hoffa tomadas de pacientes a los que se les practicó cirugía de rodilla que expongan este tejido. Metodología: Una vez obtenido el consentimiento informado de un total de 12 pacientes, se obtuvo la muestra de tejido graso. La grasa fue disgregada incubándola en colagenasa en PBS a 37°C y con agitación, luego se inactivo con suero fetal bovino, se separaron mediante centrifugación los adipocitos maduros de las células multipotentes y se obtuvieron las muestras para sembrar en medio Mesencult. Una porción de muestra fue utilizada para identificación mediante citometría de flujo y otra parte para ser coloreada con azul de metileno. Resultados y Discusión: Tanto en las tinciones con azul de metileno como en los cultivos celulares se han apreciado células con la morfología propia de una célula mesenquimal en forma de estrella y que fueron corroborados mediante citometría de flujo para los marcadores CD13, CD29, CD59 y CD105; igualmente hemos podido observar la efectividad del tratamiento enzimático. Conclusiones: En la actualidad nos encontramos consolidando los cultivos primarios para posteriormente diferenciarlos en líneas celulares específicas que puedan ser utilizadas en estudios de patologías, tales como obesidad, diabetes y trastornos articulares

Search for Pair Production of Second-Generation Scalar Leptoquarks in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in the final state with two muons and two jets is performed using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 inverse picobarns. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions from the standard model processes. An upper limit is set on the second-generation leptoquark cross section times beta^2 as a function of the leptoquark mass, and leptoquarks with masses below 394 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for beta = 1, where beta is the leptoquark branching fraction into a muon and a quark. These limits are the most stringent to date

Measurement of Dijet Angular Distributions and Search for Quark Compositeness in pp Collisions at sqrts=7sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Dijet angular distributions are measured over a wide range of dijet invariant masses in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV, at the CERN LHC. The event sample, recorded with the CMS detector, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 36 inverse picobarns. The data are found to be in good agreement with the predictions of perturbative QCD, and yield no evidence of quark compositeness. With a modified frequentist approach, a lower limit on the contact interaction scale for left-handed quarks of Lambda = 5.6 TeV is obtained at the 95% confidence level

Dijet Azimuthal Decorrelations in pp Collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Measurements of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC are presented. The analysis is based on an inclusive dijet event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 inverse picobarns. The results are compared to predictions from perturbative QCD calculations and various Monte Carlo event generators. The dijet azimuthal distributions are found to be sensitive to initial-state gluon radiation.Measurements of dijet azimuthal decorrelations in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the CMS detector at the CERN LHC are presented. The analysis is based on an inclusive dijet event sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.9 inverse picobarns. The results are compared to predictions from perturbative QCD calculations and various Monte Carlo event generators. The dijet azimuthal distributions are found to be sensitive to initial-state gluon radiation

Measurement of the B+B^+ Production Cross Section in pp Collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Measurements of the total and differential cross sections with respect to transverse momentum and rapidity for B+ mesons produced in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV are presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.8 inverse picobarns collected by the CMS experiment operating at the LHC. The exclusive decay $B^+ \to J/\psi K^+$, with the $J/\psi$ decaying to an oppositely charged muon pair, is used to detect B+ mesons and to measure the production cross section as a function of the transverse momentum and rapidity of the B. The total cross section for p_t(B) > 5 GeV and |y(B)| 5 GeV and |y(B)| < 2.4 is measured to be 28.1 +/- 2.4 +/- 2.0 +/- 3.1 microbarns, where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the last is from the luminosity measurement