2,052 research outputs found

    Natio et gens: Venice biennale 2009

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    The following is an informal reflection on the changing place of nationality and national consciousness in cultural life with reference to last year’s Biennale. Having drawn tentative inferences regarding the roles of these, we offer a selective review of what appear to us to be the most memorable national representations. These in turn suggest a paradoxical benefit which an awareness of localised histories may bring to artistic production

    On one example and one counterexample in counting rational points on graph hypersurfaces

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    In this paper we present a concrete counterexample to the conjecture of Kontsevich about the polynomial countability of graph hypersurfaces. In contrast to this, we show that the "wheel with spokes" graphs WSnWS_n are polynomially countable

    Transcendental numbers and the topology of three-loop bubbles

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    We present a proof that all transcendental numbers that are needed for the calculation of the master integrals for three-loop vacuum Feynman diagrams can be obtained by calculating diagrams with an even simpler topology, the topology of spectacles.Comment: 4 pages in REVTeX, 1 PostScript figure included, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

    Autofib Redshift Survey: II -- The Evolution of the Galaxy Luminosity Function by Spectral Type

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    We determine the evolution of the galaxy luminosity function (LF) as a function of spectral type using the Autofib redshift survey, a compendium of over 1700 galaxy redshifts in various magnitude-limited samples spanning b_J=11.5-24.0. To carry out this analysis we have developed a cross-correlation technique which classifies faint galaxy spectra into one of six types based on local galaxy templates. Tests and simulations show that this technique yields classifications correct to within one type for more than 90% of the galaxies in our sample. We have also developed extensions of the step-wise maximum likelihood method and the STY parametric method for estimating LFs which are applicable to recovering an evolving LF from multiple samples. We find that: (i) The spectra and LF of E/S0 galaxies show no appreciable evolution out to at least z ~ 0.5. (ii) Early-type spirals show modest evolution, characterised by a gradual steepening of the faint end of their LF with redshift. (iii) Out to z ~ 0.5, the overall evolution of the galaxy population is dominated by changes seen in late-type spirals. The characteristic luminosity (L^*) of these galaxies appears to brighten with redshift and there are signs of strong density evolution (a rapid increase in \phi^*). These effects appear to be luminosity dependent so that the LF steepens at higher redshift. These trends are accompanied by a steep increase in the median [OII] equivalent width, implying a rapid increase in the star-formation rate with redshift at fixed luminosity---a given star-formation rate is found at higher redshift in galaxies of higher luminosity. We find that these conclusions are robust with respect to spectral classification errors and the luminosity function estimator.Comment: LaTeX, 22 pages, 22 figure

    Using the Hopf Algebra Structure of QFT in Calculations

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    We employ the recently discovered Hopf algebra structure underlying perturbative Quantum Field Theory to derive iterated integral representations for Feynman diagrams. We give two applications: to massless Yukawa theory and quantum electrodynamics in four dimensions.Comment: 28 p, Revtex, epsf for figures, minor changes, to appear in Phys.Rev.

    The massless two-loop two-point function

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    We consider the massless two-loop two-point function with arbitrary powers of the propagators and derive a representation, from which we can obtain the Laurent expansion to any desired order in the dimensional regularization parameter eps. As a side product, we show that in the Laurent expansion of the two-loop integral only rational numbers and multiple zeta values occur. Our method of calculation obtains the two-loop integral as a convolution product of two primitive one-loop integrals. We comment on the generalization of this product structure to higher loop integrals.Comment: 22 pages, revised version, eq. 9, 10 and 53 correcte

    Spanning forest polynomials and the transcendental weight of Feynman graphs

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    We give combinatorial criteria for predicting the transcendental weight of Feynman integrals of certain graphs in Ď•4\phi^4 theory. By studying spanning forest polynomials, we obtain operations on graphs which are weight-preserving, and a list of subgraphs which induce a drop in the transcendental weight.Comment: 30 page

    Free Form Lensing Implications for the Collision of Dark Matter and Gas in the Frontier Fields Cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403

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    We present a free form mass reconstruction of the massive lensing cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403 using the latest Hubble Frontier Fields data. Our model independent method finds that the extended lensing pattern is generated by two elongated, closely projected clusters of similar mass. Our lens model identifies new lensed images with which we improve the accuracy of the dark matter distribution. We find that the bimodal mass distribution is nearly coincident with the bimodal X-ray emission, but with the two dark matter peaks lying closer together than the centroids of the X-ray emisison. We show this can be achieved if the collision has occurred close to the plane and such that the cores are deflected around each other. The projected mass profiles of both clusters are well constrained because of the many interior lensed images, leading to surprisingly flat mass profiles of both components in the region 15-100 kpc. We discuss the extent to which this may be generated by tidal forces in our dynamical model which are large during an encounter of this type as the cores "graze" each other. The relative velocity between the two cores is estimated to be about 1200 km/s and mostly along the line of sight so that our model is consistent with the relative redshift difference between the two cD galaxies (dz = 0.04).Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures, 2 table
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