Brisse Janine to Dear friend James (4 October 1962)

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/mercorr_pro/1976/thumbnail.jp

High Temperature Electrolysis at EIFER, Main Achievements at Cell and Stack Level

AbstractThe European Institute for Energy Research is working on the application of the solid oxide cell technology for high temperature electrolysis with the aim to produce hydrogen and syngas. Since 2004, numerous tests of single cells and stacks with 5 to 25 cells have been conducted. Test durations were rather long, ranging from 1000 to 9000hours, with current densities between 0.4 and 1 A/cm2. A summary of the experimental results is presented with a focus on the observation of cell and stack degradation. Long term operation of cells with 45cm2 active area under a high current density of 1 A/cm2 indicates an extrapolated cell lifetime of at least 20 000h. Cell integration into short stacks shows additional constraints such as non-homogeneous cell behavior, electrical contacting resistances of the cell interconnects which are more critical under operation at high current density, and increased degradation rates.Techno-economical analysis have been realized in parallel to establish the hydrogen production cost by high temperature electrolysis as function of the electrolyser environment (availability of an external heat source, electricity source, hydrogen compression stages.). Finally, the hydrogen production costs using high temperature electrolysis are discussed and the high temperature electrolysis is positioned on the roadmap of development and deployment of the electrolysis technologies for hydrogen and syngas production

Genetic structure and evolution of the Leishmania genus in Africa and Eurasia: what does MLSA tell us

Leishmaniasis is a complex parasitic disease from a taxonomic, clinical and epidemiological point of view. The role of genetic exchanges has been questioned for over twenty years and their recent experimental demonstration along with the identification of interspecific hybrids in natura has revived this debate. After arguing that genetic exchanges were exceptional and did not contribute to Leishmania evolution, it is currently proposed that interspecific exchanges could be a major driving force for rapid adaptation to new reservoirs and vectors, expansion into new parasitic cycles and adaptation to new life conditions. To assess the existence of gene flows between species during evolution we used MLSA-based (MultiLocus Sequence Analysis) approach to analyze 222 Leishmania strains from Africa and Eurasia to accurately represent the genetic diversity of this genus. We observed a remarkable congruence of the phylogenetic signal and identified seven genetic clusters that include mainly independent lineages which are accumulating divergences without any sign of recent interspecific recombination. From a taxonomic point of view, the strong genetic structuration of the different species does not question the current classification, except for species that cause visceral forms of leishmaniasis (L. donovani, L. infantum and L. archibaldi). Although these taxa cause specific clinical forms of the disease and are maintained through different parasitic cycles, they are not clearly distinct and form a continuum, in line with the concept of species complex already suggested for this group thirty years ago. These results should have practical consequences concerning the molecular identification of parasites and the subsequent therapeutic management of the disease

The Inhibitive Effects of 5 Dietary Compounds on IAPP Fibril Formation

Honors (Bachelor's)BiochemistryUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98867/1/brisseme.pd

Neutral genomic microevolution of a recently emerged pathogen, salmonella enterica serovar agona

Salmonella enterica serovar Agona has caused multiple food-borne outbreaks of gastroenteritis since it was first isolated in 1952. We analyzed the genomes of 73 isolates from global sources, comparing five distinct outbreaks with sporadic infections as well as food contamination and the environment. Agona consists of three lineages with minimal mutational diversity: only 846 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have accumulated in the non-repetitive, core genome since Agona evolved in 1932 and subsequently underwent a major population expansion in the 1960s. Homologous recombination with other serovars of S. enterica imported 42 recombinational tracts (360 kb) in 5/143 nodes within the genealogy, which resulted in 3,164 additional SNPs. In contrast to this paucity of genetic diversity, Agona is highly diverse according to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), which is used to assign isolates to outbreaks. PFGE diversity reflects a highly dynamic accessory genome associated with the gain or loss (indels) of 51 bacteriophages, 10 plasmids, and 6 integrative conjugational elements (ICE/IMEs), but did not correlate uniquely with outbreaks. Unlike the core genome, indels occurred repeatedly in independent nodes (homoplasies), resulting in inaccurate PFGE genealogies. The accessory genome contained only few cargo genes relevant to infection, other than antibiotic resistance. Thus, most of the genetic diversity within this recently emerged pathogen reflects changes in the accessory genome, or is due to recombination, but these changes seemed to reflect neutral processes rather than Darwinian selection. Each outbreak was caused by an independent clade, without universal, outbreak-associated genomic features, and none of the variable genes in the pan-genome seemed to be associated with an ability to cause outbreaks