New records of Haemagogus (Haemagogus) from Northern and Northeastern Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae, Aedini)

Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Entomologia. Laboratório de Diptera. Rio de Janeiro RJ, RJ, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Belém, PA, Brasil.Institut de Recherche pour le Développemen. Place Jussieu, Paris, France.Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia. Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Departamento de Entomologia. Laboratório de Diptera. Rio de Janeiro RJ, RJ, Brazil

Short report: historical analysis of a near disaster: Anopheles gambiae in Brazil

Attributed to human-mediated dispersal, a species of the Anopheles gambiae complex invaded northeastern Brazil in 1930. This event is considered unique among the intercontinental introductions of disease vectors and the most serious one: "Few threats to the future health of the Americas have equalled that inherent in the invasion of Brazil, in 1930, by Anopheles gambiae." Because it was only in the 1960s that An. gambiae was recognized as a species complex now including seven species, the precise species identity of the Brazilian invader remains a mystery. Here we used historical DNA analysis of museum specimens, collected at the time of invasion from Brazil, and aimed at the identification of the Brazilian invader. Our results identify the arid-adapted Anopheles arabiensis as being the actual invading species. Establishing the identity of the species, in addition to being of intrinsic historical interest, can inform future threats of this sort especially in a changing environment. Furthermore, these results highlight the potential danger of human-mediated range expansions of insect disease vectors and the importance of museum collections in retrieving historical informationNIH Grant RO1 AI046018 to JRP; Marie Curie Outgoing\ud International Fellowship (Contract MOIF-CT-2006-021357

Possível transmissão oral de doença de Chagas aguda, no Brasil

In October, 1986, 7 to 22 days after a meeting at a farm in Paraíba state, 26 individuals presented with a febrile illness associated with bilateral eyelid and lower limb edema, mild hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and, occasionally a skin rash. A 11-year-old boy exhibited atrial premature complexes and a 74-year-old patient developed acute heart failure. In two patients hospitalized in São Paulo city, acute Chagas' disease was diagnosed by the demonstration of circulating Trypanosoma cruzi. At autopsy in a fatal case, acute Chagas' cardiomyopathy was demonstrated. Xenodiagnosis were positive in 9 out of 14 tested patients. A specific IgG immune response was found in all patients and specific IgM antibodies were identified in 20 out of 22 tested patients. A epidemiological survey showed the existence of Triatoma brasiliensis in the outbuildings of this farm, but none in the house where most of the guests stayed. A high rate of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was found in opossums. These observations together with those related to the food consumed by the patients, lead the authors to suggest that the human infections resulted from oral contamination probably originating from naturally infected marsupials in the area or crushed infected bugs.Em outubro de 1986, 7 a 22 dias após uma reunião em uma fazenda no estado da Paraíba, 26 pessoas apresentaram doença febril, associada a edema bipalpebral bilateral, e de membros inferiores, hepatoesplenomegalia leve, linfadenopatia e, mais raramente, a um exantema. Um menino de 11 anos apresentou arritmia atrial ao eletroeardiograma e um paciente de 74 anos desenvolveu insuficiência cardíaca aguda. Em 2 pacientes hospitalizados em São Paulo, foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de Doença de Chagas aguda por observação de T. cruzi em creme leucocitário. Em autópsia de um caso fatal foi demonstrada cardiomiopatia chagásica aguda. O xenodiagnóstico foi positivo em 9 de 14 pacientes testados. Anticorpos específicos de classe IgG foram encontrados em todos os pacientes e da classe IgM em 20 de 22 doentes examinados. Estudo epidemiológico revelou Triatoma brasiliensis nas vizinhanças desta fazenda, porem tal vetor não foi encontrado na casa onde a maioria dos hóspedes pernoitou. Observou-se alta taxa de gambás infectados por Trypanosoma cruzi. Essas observações, associadas as informações relativas aos alimentos consumidos, sugerem que a contaminação de alimentos tenha se originado de secreções de marsupiais naturalmente infectados ou de triatomíneos infectados, que poderiam ter sido esmagados durante o preparo do caldo de cana

Possible oral transmission of acute Chagas' disease in Brazil

In October, 1986, 7 to 22 days after a meeting at a farm in Paraíba state, 26 individuals presented with a febrile illness associated with bilateral eyelid and lower limb edema, mild hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and, occasionally a skin rash. A 11-year-old boy exhibited atrial premature complexes and a 74-year-old patient developed acute heart failure. In two patients hospitalized in São Paulo city, acute Chagas' disease was diagnosed by the demonstration of circulating Trypanosoma cruzi. At autopsy in a fatal case, acute Chagas' cardiomyopathy was demonstrated. Xenodiagnosis were positive in 9 out of 14 tested patients. A specific IgG immune response was found in all patients and specific IgM antibodies were identified in 20 out of 22 tested patients. A epidemiological survey showed the existence of Triatoma brasiliensis in the outbuildings of this farm, but none in the house where most of the guests stayed. A high rate of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was found in opossums. These observations together with those related to the food consumed by the patients, lead the authors to suggest that the human infections resulted from oral contamination probably originating from naturally infected marsupials in the area or crushed infected bugs