Gestión municipal para el manejo racional del agua de riego en el distrito de Huachupampa, provincia de Huarochiri, Región Lima

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento Académico de HorticulturaEste trabajo monográfico se desarrolló para brindar información sobre el manejo y uso del agua de riego en la unidad hidrográfica de San Lorenzo de Huachupampa, zona que aporta una importante cantidad de agua a los agricultores, que son los beneficiarios directos; a pesar de ello, las agrupaciones campesinas de esta cuenca son las que presentan menor déficit hídrico. En este aspecto, se ha elaborado el posterior estudio, por lo tanto, se presentó en 3 periodos (campo, pre- campo y gabinete). En pre campo se recopiló información y se visitaron instituciones vinculadas en la gestión integrada de los Recursos Hídricos; en campo se realizó la caracterización del área de estudio y el procedimiento de entrevistas, para conocer los problemas identificados en su administración, cantidad y calidad de los Recursos Hídricos, al igual que la existencia de conexiones con las instituciones respectivas (ALA CHRL, ANA, AGRORURAL, MUNICIPALIDAD DISTRITAL DE SAN LORENZO DE HUACHUPAMPA, MIDAGRI y AGENCIA AGRARIA SANTA EULALIA) y en gabinete, se procesó la información recogida en los periodos anteriores, y se organizaron las encuestas, obteniendo como consecuencia una escasez hídrica en los periodos de mayo hasta agosto, con la ineficiente administración del recurso, infracción del marco legal actual; por consiguiente, más crucial en la sub cuenca alta y media de la cuenca hidrográfica. Finalmente, se logró ejecutar el estudio de competencias y restricciones para preparar métodos acordes con los ejes temáticos reconocidos (Valoración del Recurso Hídrico, Organizacional, Cultural del fluido Agua, Calidad del agua, Preservación del medio Ambiente y Administración de peligros) con el objetivo de gestionar las mencionadas de manera equilibrada y sostenible. Por último, se destaca el fortalecimiento de la organización y asociación de productores, que siguen vigentes en la actualidad.This monographic work was developed to provide information on the management and use of irrigation water in the hydrographic unit of San Lorenzo de Huachupampa, an area that provides a significant amount of water to farmers, who are the direct beneficiaries; Despite this, the peasant groups in this basin are the ones with the lowest water deficit. In this aspect, the subsequent study has been prepared, therefore, it was presented in 3 periods (field, prefield and office). In pre-field, information was collected and institutions linked to the integrated management of Water Resources were visited; In the field, the characterization of the study area and the interview procedure were carried out, to know the problems identified in its administration, quantity and quality of Water Resources, as well as the existence of connections with the respective institutions (ALA CHRL, ANA, AGRORURAL, DISTRITAL MUNICIPALITY OF SAN LORENZO DE HUACHUPAMPA, MIDAGRI and AGENCIA AGRARIA SANTA EULALIA) and in office, the information was processed in the previous periods, and the surveys were organized, resulting in a water shortage in the periods from May to August, with the inefficient administration of the resource, violation of the current legal framework; therefore, more crucial in the upper and middle sub-basin of the hydrographic basin. Finally, it was possible to carry out the study of competencies and restrictions to prepare methods in accordance with the recognized thematic axes (Valuation of the Water Resource, Organizational, Cultural of the fluid Water, Water Quality, Preservation of the Environment and Hazard Management) with the objective of manage the aforementioned in a balanced and sustainable manner. Finally, the strengthening of the organization and association of producers, which are still in force today, stands out

Assembling the Dead, Gathering the Living: Radiocarbon Dating and Bayesian Modelling for Copper Age Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain)

The great site of Valencina de la Concepción, near Seville in the lower Guadalquivir valley of southwest Spain, is presented in the context of debate about the nature of Copper Age society in southern Iberia as a whole. Many aspects of the layout, use, character and development of Valencina remain unclear, just as there are major unresolved questions about the kind of society represented there and in southern Iberia, from the late fourth to the late third millennium cal BC. This paper discusses 178 radiocarbon dates, from 17 excavated sectors within the c. 450 ha site, making it the best dated in later Iberian prehistory as a whole. Dates are modelled in a Bayesian statistical framework. The resulting formal date estimates provide the basis for both a new epistemological approach to the site and a much more detailed narrative of its development than previously available. Beginning in the 32nd century cal BC, a long-lasting tradition of simple, mainly collective and often successive burial was established at the site. Mud-vaulted tholoi appear to belong to the 29th or 28th centuries cal BC; large stone-vaulted tholoi such as La Pastora appear to date later in the sequence. There is plenty of evidence for a wide range of other activity, but no clear sign of permanent, large-scale residence or public buildings or spaces. Results in general support a model of increasingly competitive but ultimately unstable social relations, through various phases of emergence, social competition, display and hierarchisation, and eventual decline, over a period of c. 900 years