1,684 research outputs found
Baryogenesis from neutron-dark matter oscillations
It was recently suggested that dark matter consists of ~GeV particles that
carry baryon number and mix with the neutron. We demonstrate that this could
allow for resonant dark matter-neutron oscillations in the early universe, at
finite temperature, leading to low-scale baryogenesis starting from a
primordial dark matter asymmetry. In this scenario, the asymmetry transfer
happens around 30 MeV, just before big bang nucleosynthesis. We illustrate the
idea using a model with a dark U(1)' gauge interaction, which has recently been
suggested as a way of addressing the neutron lifetime anomaly. The asymmetric
dark matter component of this model is both strongly self-interacting and leads
to a suppression of matter density perturbations at small scales, allowing to
mitigate the small-scale problems of cold dark matter cosmology. Future CMB
experiments will be able to consistently probe, or firmly exclude, this
scenario.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures. v3: Added references and made minor
clarifications and corrections. Matches published version. v2: Added
references and fixed typo
Almost holomorphic Poincare series corresponding to products of harmonic Siegel-Maass forms
We investigate Poincar\'e series, where we average products of terms of
Fourier series of real-analytic Siegel modular forms. There are some (trivial)
special cases for which the products of terms of Fourier series of elliptic
modular forms and harmonic Maass forms are almost holomorphic, in which case
the corresponding Poincar\'e series are almost holomorphic as well. In general
this is not the case. The main point of this paper is the study of
Siegel-Poincar\'e series of degree attached to products of terms of Fourier
series of harmonic Siegel-Maass forms and holomorphic Siegel modular forms. We
establish conditions on the convergence and nonvanishing of such
Siegel-Poincar\'e series. We surprisingly discover that these Poincar\'e series
are almost holomorphic Siegel modular forms, although the product of terms of
Fourier series of harmonic Siegel-Maass forms and holomorphic Siegel modular
forms (in contrast to the elliptic case) is not almost holomorphic. Our proof
employs tools from representation theory. In particular, we determine some
constituents of the tensor product of Harish-Chandra modules with walls
A Tutorial on Estimating Time-Varying Vector Autoregressive Models
Time series of individual subjects have become a common data type in
psychological research. These data allow one to estimate models of
within-subject dynamics, and thereby avoid the notorious problem of making
within-subjects inferences from between-subjects data, and naturally address
heterogeneity between subjects. A popular model for these data is the Vector
Autoregressive (VAR) model, in which each variable is predicted as a linear
function of all variables at previous time points. A key assumption of this
model is that its parameters are constant (or stationary) across time. However,
in many areas of psychological research time-varying parameters are plausible
or even the subject of study. In this tutorial paper, we introduce methods to
estimate time-varying VAR models based on splines and kernel-smoothing
with/without regularization. We use simulations to evaluate the relative
performance of all methods in scenarios typical in applied research, and
discuss their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, we provide a step-by-step
tutorial showing how to apply the discussed methods to an openly available time
series of mood-related measurements
Multivariate Fine-Grained Complexity of Longest Common Subsequence
We revisit the classic combinatorial pattern matching problem of finding a longest common subsequence (LCS). For strings and of length , a textbook algorithm solves LCS in time , but although much effort has been spent, no -time algorithm is known. Recent work indeed shows that such an algorithm would refute the Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH) [Abboud, Backurs, Vassilevska Williams + Bringmann, K\"unnemann FOCS'15]. Despite the quadratic-time barrier, for over 40 years an enduring scientific interest continued to produce fast algorithms for LCS and its variations. Particular attention was put into identifying and exploiting input parameters that yield strongly subquadratic time algorithms for special cases of interest, e.g., differential file comparison. This line of research was successfully pursued until 1990, at which time significant improvements came to a halt. In this paper, using the lens of fine-grained complexity, our goal is to (1) justify the lack of further improvements and (2) determine whether some special cases of LCS admit faster algorithms than currently known. To this end, we provide a systematic study of the multivariate complexity of LCS, taking into account all parameters previously discussed in the literature: the input size , the length of the shorter string , the length of an LCS of and , the numbers of deletions and , the alphabet size, as well as the numbers of matching pairs and dominant pairs . For any class of instances defined by fixing each parameter individually to a polynomial in terms of the input size, we prove a SETH-based lower bound matching one of three known algorithms. Specifically, we determine the optimal running time for LCS under SETH as . [...
Constraints on small-scale cosmological perturbations from gamma-ray searches for dark matter
Events like inflation or phase transitions can produce large density
perturbations on very small scales in the early Universe. Probes of small
scales are therefore useful for e.g. discriminating between inflationary
models. Until recently, the only such constraint came from non-observation of
primordial black holes (PBHs), associated with the largest perturbations.
Moderate-amplitude perturbations can collapse shortly after matter-radiation
equality to form ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs) of dark matter, in far greater
abundance than PBHs. If dark matter self-annihilates, UCMHs become excellent
targets for indirect detection. Here we discuss the gamma-ray fluxes expected
from UCMHs, the prospects of observing them with gamma-ray telescopes, and
limits upon the primordial power spectrum derived from their non-observation by
the Fermi Large Area Space Telescope.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To appear in J Phys Conf Series (Proceedings of
TAUP 2011, Munich
Electroweak lights from Dark Matter annihilations
The energy spectra of Standard Model particles originated from Dark Matter
annihilations can be significantly altered by the inclusion of electroweak
gauge boson radiation from the final state. A situation where this effect is
particularly important is when a Majorana Dark Matter particle annihilates into
two light fermions. This process is in p-wave and hence suppressed by the small
value of the relative velocity of the annihilating particles. The inclusion of
electroweak radiation eludes this suppression and opens up a potentially
sizeable s-wave contribution to the annihilation cross section. I will discuss
the impact of this effect on the fluxes of stable particles resulting from the
Dark Matter annihilations, which are relevant for Dark Matter indirect
searches.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Contribution to the conference proceedings of
TAUP 2011, Munich - Germany (5-9 September 2011
Zhu reduction for Jacobi -point functions and applications
We establish precise Zhu reduction formulas for Jacobi -point functions which show the absence of any possible poles arising in these formulas. We then exploit this to produce results concerning the structure of strongly regular vertex operator algebras, and also to motivate new differential operators acting on Jacobi forms. Finally, we apply the reduction formulas to the Fermion model in order to create polynomials of quasi-Jacobi forms which are Jacobi forms
Don't blame the model:Reconsidering the network approach to psychopathology
The network approach to psychopathology is becoming increasingly popular. The motivation for this approach is to provide a replacement for the problematic common cause perspective and the associated latent variable model, where symptoms are taken to be mere effects of a common cause (the disorder itself). The idea is that the latent variable model is plausible for medical diseases, but unrealistic for mental disorders, which should rather be conceptualized as networks of directly interacting symptoms. We argue that this rationale for the network approach is misguided. Latent variable (or common cause) models are not inherently problematic, and there is not even a clear boundary where network models end and latent variable (or common cause) models begin. We also argue that focusing on this contrast has led to an unrealistic view of testing and finding support for the network approach, as well as an oversimplified picture of the relationship between medical diseases and mental disorders. As an alternative, we point out more essential contrasts, such as the contrast between dynamic and static modeling approaches that can provide a better framework for conceptualizing mental disorders. Finally, we discuss several topics and open problems that need to be addressed in order to make the network approach more concrete and to move the field of psychological network research forward. (PsycINFO Database Recor
An AP2 transcription factor is required for a sleep-active neuron to induce sleep-like quiescence in C. elegans.
Background: Sleep is an essential behavior that is found in all animals that have a nervous system. Neural activity is thought to control sleep, but little is known about the identity and the function of neural circuits underlying sleep. Lethargus is a developmentally regulated period of behavioral quiescence in C. elegans larvae that has sleep-like properties. Results: We studied sleep-like behavior in C. elegans larvae and found that it requires a highly conserved AP2 transcription factor, aptf-1, which was expressed strongly in only five interneurons in the head. Expression of aptf-1 in one of these neurons, the GABAergic neuron RIS, was required for quiescence. RIS was strongly and acutely activated at the transition from wake-like to sleep-like behavior. Optogenetic activation of aptf-1-expressing neurons ectopically induced acute behavioral quiescence in an aptf-1-dependent manner. RIS ablation caused a dramatic reduction of quiescence. RIS-dependent quiescence, however, does not require GABA but requires neuropeptide signaling. Conclusions: We conclude that RIS acts as a sleep-active, sleep-promoting neuron that requires aptf-1 to induce sleep-like behavior through neuropeptide signaling. Sleep-promoting GABAergic-peptidergic neurons have also been identified in vertebrate brains, suggesting that common circuit principles exist between sleep in vertebrates and sleep-like behavior in invertebrates
Discrete {F}r\'{e}chet Distance under Translation: {C}onditional Hardness and an Improved Algorithm
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