Level of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep in the Child and Adolescent Population in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country (6-17 Years Old): Protocol for the Mugikertu Study.

[EN] BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are increasingly common problems in the general population, which can lead to overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and decreased motor and cognitive capacity among children and adolescents. Establishing healthy habits in childhood on the basis of the World Health Organization's 2020 Physical Activity Guidelines is essential for proper physical, motor, and cognitive development. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study is to describe the level of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep of the child and adolescent population from 6 to 17 years of age in the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC). Our secondary aim is to establish a starting point for future research and intervention protocols to improve the existing reality. METHODS: This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 1111 children and adolescents, aged 6 to 17 years from the BAC in a representative random sample. Participants will wear the ActiGraph WGT3X-BT triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days in their nondominant wrist, and fill out a habit diary log of PA, mobility, and sleep routine. PA intensities, sedentary behavior, and sleep parameters (total bedtime, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency) will be calculated from raw accelerometer data using SPSS (IBM Corp). Participants will be randomly selected. RESULTS: The results of this study intend to demonstrate significant differences in PA levels in different age and gender groups since the volume of school PA in the BAC decreases as the age of the schoolchildren increases. The total study sample includes 1111 participants. In April 2021, up to 50% of the sample size was reached, which is expected to increase to 100% by April 2022. This sample will allow us to analyze, discuss, compare, and assess the reality of the school population, in a sensitive period of adherence to behavior patterns, using data from the geographical and administrative area of the BAC. This study will provide a realistic insight into PA levels among children and adolescents in the BAC. It will also offer scientific contributions on the positive relationship between PA levels and sleep quality in this population. CONCLUSIONS: This study might highlight the need for the promotion of cross-sectional policies so that children and adolescents may increase their levels of PA, thus improving both the school environment and positive healthy behavior.This study has been performed with the support of the Basque government and all the centers. In addition, we express our gratitude to all the children, adolescents, and their families who have and will participate in the study

Global matrix 4.0 physical activity report card grades for children and adolescents : results and analyses from 57 countries

Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation

Una aportación a la evolución de la pelota vasca en el ámbito de la estrategia, táctica y técnica: mano individual en trinquete vs. en frontón de pared izquierda

Respetando el equilibrio entre la tradición y la renovación, característico a nuestro entender de la evolución de la pelota vasca, este trabajo pretende colaborar en el proceso de tecnificación de este deporte. En este sentido, como objetivo general de la tesis tratamos de realizar una aportación a la evolución de la pelota vasca, mediante el cumplimiento del siguiente objetivo específico: conocer las diferencias estratégico-táctico-técnicas entre el juego en trinquete y en frontón de pared izquierda, en la pelota a mano individual. Pero antes de la consecución de este objetivo, considerando las objeciones expuestas anteriormente por otros autores, debemos cumplir dos requisitos previos: @@ . Exponer las razones que nos permiten afirmar la existencia de la pelota vasca, es decir, confirmar el carácter vasco de los juegos vascos de pelota. @@ . Mostrar la capacidad de evolución de la pelota vasca a lo largo de su historia, esto es, verificar que, por lo menos en el ámbito de la estrategia, la táctica y la técnica, no se trata de un deporte arraigado de manera inmutable a su tradición, sino que a lo largo de los años ha ido incorporando numerosos cambios que han posibilitado su progreso. @@ La estructura del texto de la tesis se organiza en cuatro capítulos: @@ En el primer capítulo situamos las dos modalidades que vamos a estudiar en la amplitud de la pelota vasca, a su vez parte integrante de los juegos de pelota. Tras exponer los elementos fundamentales de los juegos vascos de pelota, realizamos una descripción de las principales características de sus especialidades. @@ En el segundo capítulo exponemos qué aplicación tienen los términos "estrategia", "táctica" y "técnica", en el deporte de la pelota vasca, y cómo han evolucionado a lo largo de la historia. Analizamos la estrategia, táctica y técnica, en la pelota vasca en general, y exponemos cómo planteamos su estudio aplicado a las características específicas de la pelota a mano. @@ Este último apartado finaliza el contenido teórico previo para la comprensión del estudio comparativo ubicado en el tercer capítulo. Mientras que los dos primeros capítulos poseen un carácter documental, el tercero supone la investigación empírica de la tesis. @@ Tras conocer los resultados del estudio comparativo y además disponer de una perspectiva histórica, el cuarto capítulo muestra las conclusiones finales, en las que incluimos diversas consideraciones que pueden ser de utilidad en las futuras decisiones referidas a las dos modalidades estudiadas. @@ Planteamos nuestra aportación orientada principalmente al ámbito del entrenamiento-competición. No obstante, las conclusiones que de este trabajo se derivan, pueden ser de utilidad en las decisiones referentes a otros aspectos relacionados con la promoción local e internacional de la pelota vasca

Global Matrix 4.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Adolescents: Results and Analyses From 57 Countries

Background: The Global Matrix 4.0 on physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents was developed to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the global variation in children’s and adolescents’ (5–17 y) PA, related measures, and key sources of influence. The objectives of this article were (1) to summarize the findings from the Global Matrix 4.0 Report Cards, (2) to compare indicators across countries, and (3) to explore trends related to the Human Development Index and geo-cultural regions. Methods: A total of 57 Report Card teams followed a harmonized process to grade the 10 common PA indicators. An online survey was conducted to collect Report Card Leaders’ top 3 priorities for each PA indicator and their opinions on how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted child and adolescent PA indicators in their country. Results: Overall Physical Activity was the indicator with the lowest global average grade (D), while School and Community and Environment were the indicators with the highest global average grade (C+). An overview of the global situation in terms of surveillance and prevalence is provided for all 10 common PA indicators, followed by priorities and examples to support the development of strategies and policies internationally. Conclusions: The Global Matrix 4.0 represents the largest compilation of children’s and adolescents’ PA indicators to date. While variation in data sources informing the grades across countries was observed, this initiative highlighted low PA levels in children and adolescents globally. Measures to contain the COVID-19 pandemic, local/international conflicts, climate change, and economic change threaten to worsen this situation