bus travel time variability some experimental evidences

Abstract Bus travel time analysis is essential for transit operation planning. Then, this topic obtained large attention in transport engineering literature and several methods have been proposed for investigating its variability. Nowadays, the availability of large data quantities through automated monitoring allows more in-depth this phenomenon to be pointed out with new experimental evidence. The paper presents the results of some analyses carried out using automatic vehicle location (AVL) data of bus lines and automated vehicle counter (AVC) data on some corridors in the urban area of Rome where the bus services are mixed with other traffic and travel times are subject to high degrees of variability. The results show the effect of temporal dimension and similarity between travel time and traffic temporal patterns, and could open the road for the improvement of the short-term forecasting methods, too

On Transport Monitoring and Forecasting during COVID-19 Pandemic in Rome

This paper presents the results of a study on the Rome mobility system aiming at estimating the impacts of the progressive lockdown, imposed by the government, due to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as to support decision makers in planning the transport system for the restart towards a post-Covid "new normal". The analysis of data obtained by the transport monitoring system has been fundamental for both investigating effects of the lockdown and feeding transport models to predict the impacts on future actions. At first, the paper focuses on the so-called transport analytics, by describing mobility trends for the multimodal transportation system of Rome. Then, the results of the simulated scenarios to design public transport services, able to ensure passengers social distancing required in the first post-Covid months, are presented and discussed

On Transport Monitoring and Forecasting During COVID-19 Pandemic in Rome

This paper presents the results of a study on the Rome mobility system aiming at estimating the impacts of the progressive lockdown, imposed by the government, due to the Covid-19 pandemic as well as to support decision makers in planning the transport system for the restart towards a post-Covid “new normal”. The analysis of data obtained by the transport monitoring system has been fundamental for both investigating effects of the lockdown and feeding transport models to predict the impacts on future actions. At first, the paper focuses on the so-called transport analytics, by describing mobility trends for the multimodal transportation system of Rome. Then, the results of the simulated scenarios to design public transport services, able to ensure passengers social distancing required in the first post-Covid months, are presented and discussed

Polysaccharides: Applications in Biology and Biotechnology/Polysaccharides from Bioagro-Waste New Biomolecules-Life

Polysaccharides are the main chemical components of several kinds of agro-wastes including food processing residues and agricultural wastes. These types of biomass are produced in huge amounts every year and therefore represent a global environmental issue. The exploitation of agro-wastes as rich sources of valuable polysaccharides, according to the biorefinery approach, could afford both a strategy for waste minimizing and a more sustainable production of energy and chemicals. As a matter of fact, indeed polysaccharides are traditionally used in a wide range of production chains, for example, in food, pharmaceutical, material, or packaging industries. In this chapter, besides a brief overview of more abundant agro-wastes produced in the world and of their annual production, some remarkable examples of already implemented or possible biotechnological uses of waste polysaccharides are presented