Effects of Enrofloxacin Administration on Semen Quality of Barbari bucks

The present study was undertaken to study the effect of enrofloxacin administration on semen quality of Barbari buck. Six normal, healthy adult Barbari bucks (25-30 Kg) aged between 2 to 2.5 years were used as semen donors. The bucks were administered enrofloxacin at the dose of 5mg/kg body weight intra-muscularly daily for 7 days. From each buck biweekly eighteen semen ejaculates (1st to 18th) were collected and one sample (0th) from each buck was collected before administration of enrofloxacin, using a non-oestrous doe as dummy and investigated for semen quality parameters. There was no significant difference (P≥0.05) in seminal volume between different ejaculates. Mass motility decreased significantly (P≤0.01) and was lowest in 4th ejaculate as compared to mass motility prior to drug administration. Highest significant (P≤0.01) decrease in progressive motility was seen in 9th ejaculate as compared to progressive motility before drug administration. Sperm concentration decreased significantly (P≤0.01) and was found to be lowest in 4th ejaculate as compared to sperm concentration before enrofloxacin administration. Percent live spermatozoa decreased significantly (P≤0.01) and was found to be minmum in 12th ejaculate as compared to sperm concentration prior to drug administration. Highest significant increase (P≤ 0.01) in per cent head, mid-piece and tail abnormalities of spermatozoa was observed in 4th, 3rd and 6th ejaculate respectively following parentral administration of enrofloxacion as compared to ejaculate before drug administration. Following drug administration, the semen quality decreased progressively and then became slowly normal after 14th ejaculate

Assessment of LNAPL in subsurface under fluctuating groundwater table using 2D sand tank experiments

The focus of this study was to investigate the fate and transport of toluene, a light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPLs) in the subsurface region under dynamic groundwater table conditions. A series of experiments were conducted using two-dimensional (2D) sand tank setup having dimensions 125×90×10  cm 125×90×10  cm (L×H×W L×H×W ) and integrated with an auxiliary column of inner diameter 14 cm and height 120 cm. Initially, a steady-state flow and LNAPL transport experiment was conducted under stable groundwater table condition. Thereafter, three groundwater table fluctuation experiments were conducted on a rising and falling groundwater table in 2, 4, and 8 h to maintain rapid, general, and slow fluctuation conditions, respectively. The pure phase of toluene was injected at a rate of 1  mL/min 1  mL/min for a total duration of 5 min. Soil-water and soil-vapor samples were periodically collected and analyzed for toluene concentrations. Later, the representation of the 2D sand tank setup was numerically simulated to obtain the response of flow and the LNAPL transport under varying groundwater table conditions. Analysis of the results shows that a large LNAPL pool area (250  cm 2 250  cm2 ) develops under rapidly fluctuating groundwater conditions, which significantly enhances the dissolution rate and contributes to a high concentration of dissolved LNAPLs at the receiving receptors. Estimated values of Sherwood and Peclet numbers show that the dissolution rates were highly affected by groundwater table dynamics, which may cause loss of pure-phase pollutant mass around the pollutant source. The concentration isolines of toluene show that the transport of dissolved LNAPL plumes was also comparatively fast in the case of rapidly fluctuating groundwater. A high biodegradation rate was observed in plume regions having concentration ranges of 140–160 ppm, while it decreases in plume regions having very high (>160  ppm >160  ppm ) and low concentrations (<140  ppm <140  ppm ) of dissolved LNAPL. In the sand tank, microbial growth was found to increase as the plume moved away from the LNAPL pool toward a low gradient, which intensifies the detrimental impact of toluene on the survival of indigenous microorganisms near the LNAPL pool. The results of this study may help in implementing effective remediation techniques to decontaminate LNAPL polluted sites under fluctuating groundwater table conditions, especially in (semi)-arid coastal aquifers

AMM loaded Y-Shaped UWB Antenna for Health Monitoring Systems

The Ultra-wideband antennas are suitable for low power and high data rate applications for short-range communication. WBAN utilizes human body as the transmission channel. In this paper, a transmission line based artificial magnetic material is deployed into the UWB antenna in order to prevent interference problem with other wireless system in the vicinity. The complementary geometry of proposed AMM is etched into the Y-shaped UWB antenna. The antenna performance is measured for Y-shaped patch with and without inclusion. The results are presented in terms of Return Loss, VSWR, Radiation Pattern, E-Field Distribution and Radiated power. The designed antenna has application in Body Area Networks(BAN) and Personal Area Network (PAN) for heath monitoring systems and security purpose

Geometric morphometric comparison between modern homo sapien skulls of south india and rest of the world

Morphometry can be defined as the measurement of shape irrespective of the variations of size (scale, translation and rotation). In the recent years, a lot of work has been done world-wide to analyze the variations in the human morphology.Most of the work in this direction was done mainly on African or American population. Lack of work on Indian population arouse our interest to make a study on the same. In the present work, we planned to compare the modern Homo sepien skull of South India and modern Homo sepien skull of world-wide important African male, Australian aboriginal male, African-American male etc. and tried to establish a relationship between them according to their shape. It has been successfully established the relation between the skulls according to the shape closeness. Specimen 10 (South Indian Skull)and 11 (South Indian Skull) have similarity in skull shape which shows the correctness of our result. Specimen 0 (Mongoloid Skull) and 6 (Human Male African-American Skull) show similar shape variation. Specimen 12 (Vedaface) is quite close to (Human Male Asian Skull)8 and 7 (Human Female American Indian Skull). But Specimen 9 (Mongoloid Skull) is found to be quite different from all others. A negative result is also obtained by relative warp which contradicts PCA and shows that specimen 10 (South Indian Skull) posseses similar deformation with respect to specimen 9 (Mongoloid Skull) however 11 (South Indian Skull) is also near. Also 0 (Mongoloid Skull) and 6 (Human Male African-American Skull) are far apart. The result obtained is quite enthusiastic and but further studies in this directions on Indian population is highly required

Kinematic Comparison of Different Technique of Putting the Shot at the Moment of Release

The purpose of the study was to conduct a kinematic comparison of different techniques of putting the shot at the moment of Release. Eight male shot putters of L.N.U.P.E. between the age group of 20 to 26 years, who had been participating regularly, were selected as subjects. 2 D Kinovea Video Anlysis software was used for kinematical analysis of different techniques of putting the shot. Casio Exilim Ex F1H a standard camera which frequency was 300 frame/second and which was placed at 4.67 meter distance perpendicular to  the subject in horizontal plane at height of 1.50 meter.  To find out kinematical comparison between those shot putters who uses different stances t-test was used. For testing the hypothesis the level of significance was set at .05.Results show that the calculated t value is 1.237   and      .260   in relation to linear kinematical variables at moment of releases i.e. Height of c.g. of subject and height of c.g. of shot respectively. It also show that calculated t value for angular kinematic variables such as ankle (right &amp; left),knee(right&amp;left),hip(right&amp;left),shoulder(right&amp;left),elbow(right&amp;left)andwristjoint(right&amp;left)is(.454&amp;2.83*),(1.39&amp;.351),(2.23&amp;1.51),(.290&amp;.419),(.550&amp;.794)and(.365&amp;.833). 1)Insignificant difference was found between those shot putters who uses different technique of putting the shot in relation to  height of c.g. of subject and height of c.g. of shot put.2)Insignificant difference was also found in relation to ankle (right), knee (right &amp; left) and hip joint (right), shoulder (right &amp; left), elbow (right &amp; left) and wrist joint (right &amp; left).3)Significant difference was found between those shot putters who use different technique of putting the shot in relation to ankle joint (left). Key words: Horizontal Plane, Kinematic, Shot Put, Technique

Microplastics pollution in inland aquatic ecosystems of india with a global perspective on sources, composition, and spatial distribution

Study region Indian inland aquatic ecosystems. Study focus Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as emerging contaminants, potentially impacting public and ecosystem health. This comprehensive review discusses the current state of knowledge on MP contamination and mechanistic process understanding in Indian inland aquatic ecosystems. It highlights knowledge gaps regarding current MP data and discusses methodological differences in MP sampling and sample processing that can lead to contrasting results. New hydrological insight for the region Most studies reviewed here have provided evidence of MP contamination in water, sediment and certain indicator species of inland aquatic ecosystems at specific locations and times. Significant seasonal variations in MP concentrations have been identified for pre-, during and post-monsoon periods. We found that only a few of the reviewed studies have considered the inherent spatio-temporal variability of MP concentrations, and the intricate interplay with hydrological key parameters has largely been overlooked. However, in order to improve our understanding of how MPs are transported within these aquatic ecosystems (e.g., river networks) and decide on potential pollution mitigation, it is imperative to link data on MP concentration and physico-chemical characteristics with key hydrological information such as flow velocity or discharge. This will provide information on MP loads and help to establish loading functions for these aquatic ecosystems that are needed to better understand the impacts of MP pollution on public and ecosystem health

OVERLAPPED CLUSTERING APPROACH FOR MAXIMIZING THE SERVICE RELIABILITY OF HETEROGENEOUS DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT For distributed computing system (DCS) where server nodes can fail permanently with nonzero probability, the reliability of the system can be defined as the probability that the system run the entire tasks successfully assign on it before all the nodes fail. In heterogeneous distributed system where various nodes of the system have different characteristics, reliability of the system is highly dependent on the tasks allocation strategies. So, this paper presents a rigorous framework for efficient tasks allocation in heterogeneous distributed environment, with the goal of maximizing the system reliability. Reliability of the system is characterized in the presence of communication uncertainties and topological changes due to node&apos;s failure. Node failure has adverse effects on the system reliability. Thus, one possible way to improve reliability is to make the communication among the tasks as local as possible. For this, an overlapped clustering approach has been used. Further, we calculate the reliability of each node of the DCS to determine the actual capabilities of each node. Here, our purpose is to assign the more costly task to more reliable node of the DCS. Then we utilize the load balancing policies for handling the node&apos;s failure effect as well as maximizing the service reliability of the DCS. A numeric example is presented to illustrate the importance of incorporating overlapping cluster and load balancing on the reliability study

Starry Night Panorama with Advanced Feature Extraction and Star Stitching

Panoramic photography involves merging multiple photos of the same scene, each with overlapping views, to create a detailed image. When combining astrophotography with panoramic landscapes, challenges arise from image noise and subject motion. To address this, incorporating spatially variant registration steps in the panorama process can merge several shorter exposures into a final image with reduced noise and without motion artifacts. This method tackles two main issues in creating night sky panoramas: low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and motion blur.Initially, the images are divided into land and sky segments. Then, potential star locations are identified from a star image. Extracting features from night images is complex, and the Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm is chosen for its robustness to rotation, scale changes, and noise. In astrophotography panoramas, more features need extraction, and SIFT performs well compared to other methods.Next, matching star features between images with common points allows combining two short exposures. A seamless blending technique removes visible seams between merged images. Compensating for star motion involves warping images using local transformations for smooth alignment. Finally, the combined exposures are stitched into a panorama using a spherical projection method