Effect of fertilizer-containing-microorgamisms on maize growth and root length

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Possible alternatives in crop nutrition

The protection of the environment is our common task. All pollution that exposes our soils, plants or the environment – as taken in any proper or extended sense – will appear sooner or later in the food chain and in human beings who are on the top of the food-chain pyramid. The aim of our work is to give a brief overview of the effects of selected industrial wastes on the physiological parameters of corn plants. Sewage sludge and lime sludge were examined. These materials contain lots of useful element for plants (e.g. iron, phosphorus, potassium, zinc). However, their aluminum, chrome and lithium contents are also considerable. The element contents in sewage sludge and the filtrates of lime sludge, as well as the dry matter accumulation and relative chlorophyll contents, were measured. The disadvantageous and advantageous physiological effects of the examined materials were confirmed. The compensation effect of the environment is excluded; however, the neutralization of environmental impacts is not infinite under natural circumstances

Macroeconomic processes and expectations

The study focuses on the problem of introducing expectations, as a subjective factor, into economic theoretical models. The basis of the model presented here is the well-known conventional Keynesian IS-LM model. It also follows that the concept of the IS-LM model can be approached as a problem or task in several ways. Also used was a discretized model encompassing three distinct categories of expectations, namely, simple, adaptive, and rational. It can be concluded that the type of expectation affects the number of stable cases in the model. The inclusion of the adaptive expectation results in the highest number of stable cases within the range of economically relevant values of the parameters studied. Numerical examples illustrate the results

Role of soil properties in water retention characteristics of main Hungarian soil types

Relationship between easily available soil properties and soil water retention at given matric potentials were analysed on brown forest soils, chernozems and meadow soils of Hungarian Detailed Soil Hydrophysical Database (Hungarian acronym: MARTHA). We studied the influence of soil properties displayed on the 1:10000 scale Hungarian soil maps on soil water retention at -0.1, -33, -1500 and -150000 kPa. Continuous (particle size distribution, organic matter content, calcium carbonate content and pH) and category type (ordinal: soil texture, ordinal type information on organic matter content, calcium carbonate content and pH; nominal: soil subtype classes) variables were used in the analyses. The relationships was analysed with random forest method based on conditional inference trees (cforest). Water retention of different soil types was characterized. Importance of soil properties in the prediction of soil water content varies according to soil type and matric potentials