Origin, Impact, and Reaction to Misogynistic Behaviors: An Interview with Kate A. Manne, PhD

Kate A. Manne is an associate professor at the Sage School of Philosophy at Cornell University, where she has been teaching since 2013. Before that, she was a junior fellow at the Harvard Society of Fellows (2011–2013), did her graduate work at MIT (2006–2011), and was an undergraduate at the University of Melbourne (2001–2005), where she studied philosophy, logic, and computer science. Her current research is primarily in moral, feminist, and social philosophy. She is the author of two books, including her first book Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny and her latest book Entitled: How Male Privilege Hurts Women. Manne has also published a number of scholarly papers about the foundations of morality, and she regularly writes opinion pieces, essays, and reviews in venues—including The New York Times, The Boston Review, the Huffington Post, and the Chronicle of Higher Education

Effectively teaching a single course in multicultural education to pre-service teachers.

In this practitioner inquiry, instructors in a teacher preparation program at a research-intensive university address their instructional effectiveness and improvement of student learning outcomes in a Single Course in Multicultural Education (SCME). As part of the inquiry, they conducted a comprehensive literature review of SCMEs. They used the literature synthesis to guide the development of a conceptual framework to inform a final course revision that yielded better student learning outcomes. The literature synthesis, conceptual framework, and course revision promoted the instructional focus on developing students’ knowledge and beliefs before addressing their classroom practices

Do positive childhood and adult experiences counter the effects of adverse childhood experiences on learned helplessness?

IntroductionLearned helplessness often arises when an individual feels that a challenging situation is inescapable. Childhood trauma can lead to feelings of learned helplessness in youth and adulthood. Resiliency theory suggests that positive experiences in childhood and adulthood may counteract traumatic experiences in childhood and reduce learned helplessness and promote learned optimism, the antithesis of learned helplessness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with learned helplessness and optimism in adulthood and whether positive childhood and adult experiences (PCEs and PAEs) can lessen learned helplessness even in the presence of ACEs and promote greater learned optimism.MethodsThe sample consisted of 435 adults who were recruited to participate in the study through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing recruitment service. Participants lived in the United States and were 18–56 years at the time of the study. Each participant completed a survey about their childhood and adulthood experiences and learned helplessness and optimism as an adult. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) in Mplus Version 7.ResultsThe learned helplessness scale had two factors which we termed learned helplessness and learned optimism. ACEs were associated with higher self-report of learned helplessness and lower learned optimism. When PCEs were added to the model, ACEs retained their relationship with learned helplessness but were no longer associated with learned optimism. PCEs were positively associated with learned optimism but were not associated with learned helplessness. PAEs were negatively correlated with learned helplessness and positively correlated with learned optimism. Learned optimism and learned helplessness in adults were inversely correlated.DiscussionPotentially traumatic experiences in childhood, as measured by ACEs, may lead to more learned helplessness throughout life. However, positive experiences in both childhood and adulthood can increase learned optimism, which was correlated with lower learned helplessness, even when childhood trauma was experienced

The Effect of Varying High-Intensity Interval Training Style Warm-Ups on Hemodynamic, Power, and Flexibility Responses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) style warm-up on hemodynamic, power, and flexibility responses. METHODS: Twelve male subjects (age: 24.15 ± 3.1 yr. & weight: 78.78 ± 16.83 kg) completed the study. On the first day, initial screening, anthropometric measures, and familiarization with testing procedures were completed. There were a total of 6 randomized testing sessions (separated by at least 48 hours.). The testing sessions were as follows: 3-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C1), 3-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C2), 5-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C3), 5-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C4), 8-min warm-up session with 20 sec work followed by 10 sec (C5), and 8-min warm-up session with 30 sec work followed by 10 sec (C6). The warm-up sessions included timed interval body weight squats. Hemodynamics (heart rate (HR) and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure), a countermovement jump, and flexibility values were recorded before and after warm-up protocols. RESULTS: There was a significant duration*time interaction for flexibility (pCONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that a 3-min duration of HIIT style warm-up may be enough to physically prepare individuals to improve flexibility and vertical jump. In addition, the data also suggests that the required/recommended duration for the warm-up to prepare body may be shortened with HIIT style warm-up. Future studies should compare and contrast the efficacy of varying work to rest ratio of HIIT style warm-up with other warm-up protocols to determine the most effective warm-up protocol

Effects of Different Intensity and Duration of Warm-Up on Hemodynamics, Jump Power, and Flexibility

Tabata protocol (TP), usually consisting of eight to nine bouts of 20-sec of maximal exercise with 10-sec rest, is time-efficient intervention with both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. PURPOSE: This study investigated the effectiveness of different variation of TP as a warm-up procedure. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy subjects (13 females and 12 males) participated in this study. Participants performed 6 randomized exercise sessions separated by at least 48 hours. The exercise sessions involved 3-min (TP3-20:10; TP3-30:10), 5-min (TP5-20:10; TP5-30:10) or 8-min (TP8-20:10; TP8-30:10) consecutive bodyweight squats of either 20-sec workout with 10-sec rest (20:10) or 30-sec workout with 10-sec rest (30:10). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), thigh skin surface temperature (TT), vertical jump performance (VJ), and flexibility (F) were measured before and after execution of the protocols. Countermovement jump was used to measure VJ and sit-and-reach test was used for measuring F. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA demonstrated significant condition*time interaction (pCONCLUSION: The findings are suggestive of a decrease in F following a higher duration of exercise (TP8-20:10 and TP8-30:10). This may be ascribed to greater accumulation of metabolites (lactic acid, ammonia and hydrogen ion) in the working muscles, which may alter Type III and IV afferent neural activity to increase pain perception. Local tissue acidosis also stimulates bradykinin release, which may contribute to the transmission of nociceptive signals from skeletal muscle. Additionally, a higher duration of exercise may increase cortisol level that decreases the pain threshold level. Therefore, the decreases in flexibility may be explained by one or combination of metabolic, hormonal, and neurobiological changes stimulating the brain to inhibit the muscular response

What are the most effective exercise, physical activity and dietary interventions to improve body composition in women diagnosed with or at high-risk of breast cancer? A systematic review and network meta-analysis

Background: Obesity has been recognized as a risk factor in the development and recurrence of breast cancer and is also associated with poor prognostic outcomes. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed to identify the most effective exercise, physical activity, and dietary interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage and body weight as well as potentially increase lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. Methods: A systematic search of databases was performed up to May 2022. Eligible randomized controlled trials examined the effects of exercise, physical activity and/or dietary interventions on fat mass and lean mass in women diagnosed with or at high risk of breast cancer. A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effects of different interventions across outcomes when sufficient studies were available. Results: Eighty-four studies (n = 6428) were included in this review. Caloric restriction and combined exercise + caloric restriction significantly reduced fat mass (range, –3.9 to –3.7 kg) and body weight (range, –5.3 to –4.7 kg), whereas physical activity + caloric restriction significantly reduced body fat percentage (–2.4%; 95% confidence interval [CI], –3.4% to –13%) and body mass index (–2.2 kg × m–2; 95% CI, –3.0 to –1.4 kg × m–2) in breast cancer patients. Resistance exercise was the most effective intervention to increase lean mass (0.7 kg; 95% CI, 0.5–1.0 kg) in breast cancer patients. Conclusion: Multimodal exercise and diet programs were the most effective interventions to reduce fat mass, body fat percentage, and body weight and increase and/or preserve lean mass

Engineered Orthogonal Quorum Sensing Systems for Synthetic Gene Regulation in Escherichia coli

Gene regulators that are controlled by membrane-permeable compounds called homoserine lactones (HSLs) have become popular tools for building synthetic gene networks that coordinate behaviors across populations of engineered bacteria. Synthetic HSL-signaling systems are derived from natural DNA and protein elements from microbial quorum signaling pathways. Crosstalk, where a single HSL can activate multiple regulators, can lead to faults in networks composed of parallel signaling pathways. Here, we report an investigation of quorum sensing components to identify synthetic pathways that exhibit little to no crosstalk in liquid and solid cultures. In previous work, we characterized the response of a single regulator (LuxR) to 10 distinct HSL-synthase enzymes. Our current study determined the responses of five different regulators (LuxR, LasR, TraR, BjaR, and AubR) to the same set of synthases. We identified two sets of orthogonal synthase-regulator pairs (BjaI/BjaR + EsaI/TraR and LasI/LasR + EsaI/TraR) that show little to no crosstalk when they are expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. These results expand the toolbox of characterized components for engineering microbial communities