Agreement between the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center

Agreement between CAAS and CIMMYT signed in Beijing, China on September 25, 1997. Agreement establishes cooperation for the promotion and acceleration in research and training for the scientific improvement of wheat and maize for China and other countries set forth in nine articles

Follow up of 41 “LTNPs” over 132 months since original identification using clinical criteria in 1996.

<p>(a) All available pre-HAART data of CD4 T-cell counts for the cohort of 41 LTNPs since identification (normal range 450–1650 cells/µl blood, marked with horizontal line). (b) All available pre-HAART data of plasma viral load for the cohort of 41 LTNPs since identification. DL = detection limit of assay. Data from each individual are plotted with different symbols and regression lines indicate slopes. Once the patient initiates anti-retroviral therapy their characteristics are no longer shown on the graphs.</p

Significantly higher lymphoproliferative responses to HIV-1 recombinant antigens mounted by HIV controllers (HIC) compared to HIV-1⁺ viraemic chronic progressors (vCP) and aviraemic chronic progressors (aCP) despite comparable IFN-γ release to HIV-1 peptide pools.

<p>Broad IFN-γ and proliferative responses to HIV-1 Gag p24 in HICs. Box plots show the median with IQR indicated. Whiskers represent the 10^th–90^th percentiles. The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare responses between patient groups, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test to compare paired responses from the same patient. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. (a) Lymphoproliferative response to rTat, rRev, rNef, rp24 (Gag) and rgp120 (Env), from HICs (n = 6), vCPs (n = 6) and aCPs (n = 8). The threshold for positivity (SI ≥3) is marked. (b) IFN-γ release (spot forming cells per million PBMC), from HICs (n = 6), vCPs (n = 6) and aCPs (n = 8), in response to stimulation with Tat, Rev, Nef and Gag p24 overlapping peptides. Data represent mean values of triplicate wells with <10% variation among triplicates. The threshold of 20 SFC/10⁶ PBMC is marked. (c) Summation of IFN-γ release in response to stimulation with individual overlapping Gag p24 peptides (1–22) compared to the response to the peptide pool and rp24 protein. Data from two representative HICs is shown. (d) Summation of lymphoproliferative responses, of two representative HICs, to stimulation with individual overlapping Gag p24 peptides (1–22) compared to the response to rp24 protein.</p

Detailed description of characteristics of the study cohorts.

<p>- , data not available; P values between *HIC and vCP, ^#HIC and aCP, †vCP and aCP; bold face indicates statistically significant difference measured to a 95% confidence interval by the Mann-Whitney test; ^‡2^nd or ^§3^rd visit respectively.</p

Higher levels of thymic output in HIV controllers (HIC) compared to age-matched chronic progressors (CP).

<p>(a) Electrophoresis gel showing an example of TREC levels in PBMC of HIC4 compared to the positive control, cord blood. (b) TREC levels in PBMC of 6 HICs compared to previously published data of PBMC from chronic progressors <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0005474#pone.0005474-Imami3" target="_blank">[26]</a>. The two cohorts are age-matched (p = 0.3823; median age HIC 41.2 years, range 26.9–60.2; median age CP 36.5 years, range 20.2–57.7). The CD4 count was significantly higher in HICs than HAART naïve CPs (p<0.0001; HIC median 913.5 cells/µl blood, range 588–1331; CP median 254.5 cells/µl blood, range 13–551).</p

Longitudinal analysis of T-cell mediated responses, to HIV-1 antigens and peptides, by two HIV controllers over a 79 and 85 month period.

<p>Data is shown from two HICs; HIC 5 and HIC 2, from two and three time points respectively. Data represent mean values of triplicate wells with <10% variation among triplicates. (a) IFN-γ release (spot forming cells/10⁶ PBMC) in response to stimulation with Tat, Rev, Nef and Gag p24 overlapping peptides. The threshold of 20 SFC/10⁶ PBMC is marked. (b) Lymphoproliferative response to rTat, rRev, rNef, rp24 (Gag) and rgp120 (Env). The threshold for positivity (SI ≥3) is marked.</p

The rate of viral rebound after attainment of an HIV load<50 copies/mL according to specific antiretroviral drugs in use: results from a mulitcentre cohort study

No description supplie

Use and cost of hospital services for non-AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.

<p>Use and cost of hospital services for non-AIDS patients at 6 and 12 months respectively for the four treatment regimens.</p

Demographic characteristics and baseline viral load and CD4 count for all patients on first-line regimens.

<p>Demographic characteristics and baseline viral load and CD4 count for all patients on first-line regimens.</p

Multivariable Cox's proportional hazards regression model showing likelihood of first line treatment failure for the four treatment combinations at 12 months.

*<p>Adjusted for sex, age, ethnic group, baseline CD4 count, baseline viral load, stage of HIV at start of ART and year of starting first-line ART.</p