A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of School-Based Physical Activity Research

Physical activity has captured considerable interest from international academic scholars due to its fundamental role in maintaining optimal health. Thus, this study sought to examine the scholarly articles on school-based physical activity, employing a comprehensive bibliometric analysis extracted from the Scopus database spanning 2013 to 2023. A filtering protocol was utilized to guide the selection of articles, and analyses were facilitated solely by Python programming. This research yielded extensive insights encompassing document type, publication rates, citation rates, prevalent keywords, and geographic distribution. The results revealed the prominence of "Articles" as the primary document category. Notably, the year 2020 was observed as the highest publication count, with 2014 being the peak year for citation rates. However, both publication and citation patterns exhibited substantial fluctuations. These analyses collectively identify the United States as the largest contributor among the top ten countries, accompanied by substantial contributions from European nations. The analysis of the top 50 most-cited journal articles indicates a prevalence of articles authored by one to five individuals, with a peak in publications during 2014, followed by a gradual decline. Notably, the keyword "children" prominently emerges across the datasets, underscoring its frequent utilization in the context of school-based physical activity research

Genotypic-Phenotypic Discrepancies between Antibiotic Resistance Characteristics of Escherichia coli Isolates from Calves in Management Settings with High and Low Antibiotic Use ▿ †

We hypothesized that bacterial populations growing in the absence of antibiotics will accumulate more resistance gene mutations than bacterial populations growing in the presence of antibiotics. If this is so, the prevalence of dysfunctional resistance genes (resistance pseudogenes) could provide a measure of the level of antibiotic exposure present in a given environment. As a proof-of-concept test, we assayed field strains of Escherichia coli for their resistance genotypes using a resistance gene microarray and further characterized isolates that had resistance phenotype-genotype discrepancies. We found a small but significant association between the prevalence of isolates with resistance pseudogenes and the lower antibiotic use environment of a beef cow-calf operation versus a higher antibiotic use dairy calf ranch (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.044). Other significant findings include a very strong association between the dairy calf ranch isolates and phenotypes unexplained by well-known resistance genes (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.0001). Two novel resistance genes were discovered in E. coli isolates from the dairy calf ranch, one associated with resistance to aminoglycosides and one associated with resistance to trimethoprim. In addition, isolates resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins but negative for blaCMY-2 had mutations in the promoter regions of the chromosomal E. coli ampC gene consistent with reported overexpression of native AmpC beta-lactamase. Similar mutations in hospital E. coli isolates have been reported worldwide. Prevalence or rates of E. coli ampC promoter mutations may be used as a marker for high expanded-spectrum cephalosporin use environments