Reading Through the Pause: How Superintendents Viewed Literacy for Middle Grade Learners During the Pandemic

This paper highlights the voices of two superintendents\u27 lived experiences guiding teachers, parents, and students in their districts during the pandemic shutdown. The emphasis of literacy education showcases the ways in which middle grades learners were able to continue discursive practices through online platforms to share and engage with texts. This reflective piece describes the process of perseverance in literacy education through the pandemic pause

Managing at source and at scale: The use of geomorphic river stories to support rehabilitation of Anthropocene riverscapes in the East Coast Region of Aotearoa New Zealand

Recently uplifted, highly erodible rocks, and recurrent high intensity storms, generate exceedingly high erosion and sedimentation rates in the East Coast Region (Tairāwhiti) of Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite the recent nature of the Anthropocene record in global terms (∼650 years since Māori arrival, 250 years of colonial impacts), human disturbance has profoundly altered evolutionary trajectories of river systems across the region. Here we document catchment-by-catchment variability in anthropogenic signature as geomorphic river stories for five catchments (Waiapu, Hikuwai, Waimatā, Waipaoa, Mōtū). We show how targeted, fit-for-purpose process-based rehabilitation programmes that manage at source and at scale are required to facilitate river recovery in each of these catchments. The largest rivers in the region, Waiapu and Waipaoa, comprise steep, highly dissected terrains that are subject to recurrent hillslope failures, including systemic shallow landslides, occasional deep-seated rotational slumps and earthflows. Localised sediment input from large (>10 ha) gully mass movement complexes overwhelms valley floors. Targeted revegetation programmes are required to reduce extreme sediment inputs from these sources. Although there are fewer gully complexes in the Hikuwai, multiple landslips supply vast volumes of fine-grained sediment that aggrade and are recurrently reworked along channel margins in lowland reaches. Waimatā has no gully complexes and a smaller number of landslips, but large areas are subject to sediment input from earthflows. The terrace-constrained flume-like nature of this system efficiently flushes materials ‘from the mountains to the sea’, recurrently reworking materials along channel banks in a similar manner to the lower Hikuwai. Systematic reforestation in the middle-upper catchment and revegetation of riparian corridors is required to reduce sedimentation rates in these catchments. In contrast, terraces buffer sediment delivery from hillslopes in the upper Mōtū catchment, where a bedrock gorge separates large sediment stores along upper reaches from the lower catchment. As reworking of valley floor sediments in response to bed incision and reworking (expansion) of channel margins is the primary contemporary sediment source in this system, bed control structures and revegetation of riparian corridors are required as part of targeted sediment management plans. We contend that geomorphic river stories provide a coherent platform for Anthropocene rehabilitation strategies that work with the character, behaviour and evolutionary trajectories of river systems. Although this generic lens can be applied anywhere in the world, we highlight particular meanings and implications in Aotearoa New Zealand where such thinking aligns directly with Māori values that respect the mana (authority), mauri (lifeforce) and ora (wellbeing) of each and every river

Oxpentifylline versus placebo in the treatment of erythropoietin-resistant anaemia: a randomized controlled trial

Background: The main hypothesis of this study is that Oxpentifylline administration will effectively treat erythropoietin-or darbepoietin-resistant anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients

Downstream fining in the Waipaoa River : an aggrading, gravel-bed river, East Coast, New Zealand : thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Quaternary Geology at Massey University

The Waipaoa River, East Cape, New Zealand, drains a catchment from the Raukumara Ranges into Poverty Bay, near Gisborne. Conversion of the catchment from indigenous forest to pasture, between 1880-1920, initiated a phase of intense erosion in the hill country. The underlying geology consists of crushed and sheared sandstone, siltstone, argillite, and mudstone of Cretaceous and Tertiary age. Channel aggradation occurred in response to the influx of bed material load. Suspended sediment yields in headwater catchments are as high as 7 000 – 17 000 t km. For the period 1948 to 1988, aggradation in the upper reaches was > 5 m, while in the lower reaches it was ~0.5 m. The Waipaoa River is a gravel-bed river. Its morphology changes from a braided to a meandering configuration in the downstream direction. A bed material survey of the Waipaoa River in 1995/6 investigated the fluvial transfer of coarse bed material through the river system. Bed material samples were collected at 1 km intervals along the mainstem, as well as from major tributaries, near their confluence with the Waipaoa River. Surface and subsurface samples were systematically collected between the coast and 104 km upstream. The results of this survey were compared with earlier bed material surveys undertaken in 1950, 1956, and 1960. Results of the 1996 bed material survey indicate that the bed material in the Waipaoa River is polymodal. The gravel-sand transition occurs approximately 8 km upriver from the coast. Over the remaining 96 km reach, the median particle size declined from 5 mm in the headwaters, to 2 mm near the coast. The coarser particle size fractions exhibited a greater rate of downstream fining, and, over the same distance, the coarsest 10% declined from 48 mm to 6 mm. The bed material is dominated by fine sediment, which is illustrated by the fine median particle size over the length of the river, as well as the low fining coefficients for the finer particle size fractions . No downstream change in the proportion of each main pebble lithology was observed, and each pebble lithology exhibited a similar rate of downstream fining. No downstream alteration in particle shape was observed, although particle roundness did increase downstream. Close relationships were observed between the bed slope and particle size. The highest degree of correlation was observed between slope and the coarsest particle size fractions, representing the limiting condition of channel competence. Selective transport is the dominant process that produces downstream fining in the Waipaoa River, however, particle fragmentation, sediment supply or abrasion may be important processes within specific reaches. The rate of downstream fining was consistent for the period 1948 to 1996

Comparison of landslide inventories from the 1994 M_w 6.8 Arthurs Pass and 2015 M_w 6.0 Wilberforce earthquakes, Canterbury, New Zealand

The 6th January 2015 Mw 6.0 Wilberforce earthquake, 30 km west of Arthurs Pass in the Upper Wilberforce catchment, produced ground shaking of at least 0.22 g, just above the expected threshold for landslide initiation based on previous work. An aerial reconnaissance confirmed that at least 200 landslides occurred within an area of 370 km2. The majority of failures were of moderate volume and occurred on slopes of between 22° and 67°. Approximately 85% of failures occurred within 12 km2 of the earthquake epicentre, although large landslides also occurred outside of this area, at sites where previous landslides had occurred. We compared this inventory with one obtained by a similar method in similar terrain after a Mw 6.8 earthquake in 1994, 20 km southwest of Arthurs Pass. Whilst the 1994 earthquake included a higher proportion of landslides with larger volumes close to the earthquake epicentre, the number of landslides and area that they affected was greater during the Wilberforce earthquake. In addition, the Wilberforce earthquake triggered its second largest landslide at a substantial distance (25 km) from the epicentre, in an area of moderate shaking. This landslide temporarily dammed Arahura River, causing the greatest potential geo-hazard risk of the earthquake event. The results indicate that whilst the sizes of landslides that may initiate in an earthquake generally increase with increasing earthquake magnitude, failure does not require the exceedance of a specific earthquake magnitude threshold. We suggest that landslide initiation is equally dependent on: (1) the susceptibility to failure of the terrain at the time of the earthquake and 2) the specific ground-shaking intensity (MM) experienced. These two factors should be important considerations when planning emergency responses and post-earthquake aerial reconnaissance.</p

平成29年度の活動 国際交流 : ニュージーランド・カイコウラ地震に関する調査

"Landslide dams caused by the M7.8 Kaikoura Earthquake"INTERPRAEVENT2018. 平成30年10月1～4日. 富山国際会議場, 富山県

Hypofractionated radiotherapy for the palliation of advanced head and neck cancer in patients unsuitable for curative treatment - "hypo trial" - Authors letter of reply

Response by authors