КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННАЯ ОЦЕНКА ВИСЦЕРАЛЬНОГО ЖИРОВОГО ДЕПО У БОЛЬНЫХ ИШЕМИЧЕСКОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ СЕРДЦА С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ТОМОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДИК

Abstract. The aim of the study was a quantitative assessment of abdominal and epicardial depot visceral adipose tissue with the use of modern methods of tomography in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD).Material and methods. 88 patients were examined with multislice computed and magnetic resonance tomography.Results. According to a survey of abdominal visceral obesity was observed in 70.4% of the sample of patients and only 35.2% identified BMI. In patients with CHD severity of abdominal and epicardial visceral obesity is not dependent on sex. Separating patients under standard boundary values of visceral fat area (130sm²) revealed significant differences in the layer thickness of both the left epicardial fat (p = 0.00015) and right ventricle (p = 0.00126).Conclusion. Approaches to the definition of obesity, currently used underestimate the true prevalence of this pathology. Morphometric evaluation of visceral fat depot using tomographic techniques can reliably and noninvasively verify adipose tissue and highlight the category of patients with visceral obesity. Цель исследования. Количественная оценка абдоминального и эпикардиального депо висцеральной жировой ткани с использованием современных томографических методик у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца.Материалы и методы. 88 пациентов обследованы с использованием мультиспиральной компьютерной и магнитно-резонансной томографии.Результаты. По данным обследования, абдоминальное висцеральное ожирение отмечено у 70,4% пациентов выборки, тогда как по ИМТ выявлены лишь 35,2%. У пациентов с ИБС степень выраженности абдоминального и эпикардиального висцерального ожирения не зависит от пола. Разделение пациентов на основании нормативных значений площади висцерального жира (130см²) позволило выявить достоверные различия по толщине слоя эпикардиального жира как левого (р=0,00015), так и правого желудочка (р=0,00126).Заключение. Подходы к определению ожирения, используемые в настоящее время, недооценивают истинную распространенность данной патологии. Морфометрическая оценка висцерального жирового депо с использованием томографических методик позволяет достоверно и неинвазивно верифицировать жировую ткань и выделить категорию пациентов с висцеральным ожирением.

Взаимосвязь кальциноза коронарных артерий и локальных жировых депо у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца

Highlights. Taking into account the connection between the increase in the volume of myocardial adipose tissue and vessels with massive calcification of the coronary arteries in coronary heart disease, morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic examinations can be considered as a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesion.Aim. To evaluate the relationship of coronary artery calcification (CA) and morphometric parameters of local fat depots in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods. 125 patients with stable coronary artery disease aged 59±8.9 years were examined. Visualization of local fat depots, abdominal fat depots, and coronary calcification (CC) was performed using multislice computed tomography with subsequent post-processing of images on the Siemens Leonardo workstation (Germany). Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the heart was used to determine the EAT thickness.Results. Coronary calcification was detected in 95.2% of the examined patients with coronary artery disease (n = 119). There were higher indices of the EAT thickness of the right and left ventricles in case of massive CC, the thickness of the pericardial adipose tissue at the level of the trunk of the left coronary, anterior descending, circumflex arteries, and increased morphometry indices of the abdominal fat depot in comparison with the patients who had moderate and medium CC.Conclusion. An increase in the volume of adipose tissue of the myocardium and vessels in CAD is associated with massive calcification, which is reflected in the pathogenetic “adipovascular” continuum, characterized by the stimulation of adipogenesis against the background of atherocalcinosis of the coronary arteries. Morphometry of epicardial and perivascular adipose tissue during routine tomographic studies is a non-invasive technique for determining a surrogate marker of severe coronary lesions.Основные положения. С учетом обнаруженной ассоциации увеличения объема жировой ткани миокарда и сосудов с массивным кальцинозом коронарных артерий при ишемической болезни сердца морфометрия эпикардиальной и периваскулярной жировой ткани при рутинных томографических исследованиях может быть рассмотрена в качестве неинвазивной методики определения суррогатного маркера тяжелого поражения коронарного русла.Цель. Оценить взаимосвязь кальциноза коронарных артерий (КА) и морфометрических показателей локальных жировых депо у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС).Материалы и методы. Обследовано 125 больных стабильной ИБС в возрасте 59 (53,0; 66,0) лет. Визуализация локальных жировых депо сосудов, абдоминального жирового депо и кальциноза КА выполнена методом мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии с последующей постпроцессинговой обработкой изображений на мультимодальной рабочей станции Leonardo (Siemens, ФРГ). Толщина эпикардиальной жировой ткани определена методом бесконтрастной магнитно-резонансной томографии сердца.Результаты. Кальциноз КА выявлен у 95,2% обследованных пациентов с ИБС (n = 119). При массивном кальцинозе отмечены более высокие показатели толщины эпикардиальной жировой ткани правого и левого желудочков, толщины перикардиальной жировой ткани на уровне ствола левой коронарной, передней нисходящей, огибающей артерий и повышенные показатели морфометрии абдоминального жирового депо в сравнении с пациентами с умеренным и средним кальцинозом КА.Заключение. При ИБС увеличение объема жировой ткани миокарда и сосудов ассоциировано с массивным кальцинозом, что находит отражение в патогенетическом адиповаскулярном континууме, характеризующимся стимулированием адипогенеза на фоне атерокальциноза КА. Морфометрия эпикардиальной и периваскулярной жировой ткани при рутинных томографических исследованиях является неинвазивной методикой определения суррогатного маркера тяжелого поражения коронарного русла

Modern Trends of Organic Chemistry in Russian Universities

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. This review is devoted to the scientific achievements of the departments of organic chemistry in higher schools of Russia within the past decade

Microcrystalline silicon: Strain gauge and sensor arrays on flexible substrate for the measurement of high deformations

International audienceThis paper presents strain sensor arrays on flexible substrates able to measure local deformation induced by radii of curvature of few millimeters. Sensors use n-type doped microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) as piezoresistive material, directly deposited on polyimide sheets at 165 °C. Sensitivity of individual sensors was investigated under tensile and compressive bending at various radii of curvature, down to 5 mm. A Transmission Line Method was used to extract the resistivity for each radius. The devices exhibited longitudinal gauge factors of −31 and longitudinal piezoresistive coefficients of −4.10−10 Pa−1. Reliability was demonstrated with almost unchanged resistances after cycles of bending (standard deviation of 1.7%). Strain gauge arrays, composed of 800 resistors on a 2 cm2 area, were fabricated with a spatial resolution of 500 × 500 μm2. Strain mapping showed the possibility to detect local deformation on a single resistor or to detect larger objects. These strain sensor arrays can find applications when high sensitivity and high spatial resolution is required. This paper also showed that μc-Si can be a relevant semi-conductor candidate for flexible electronic

QUANTIFICATION OF ECTOPIC FAT DEPOTS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Purpose of the study. A comprehensive quantification of ectopic fat depots using modern methods of radiation diagnosis in patients with ischemic heart disease.Patients and methods. The study included 76 patients with a verified diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD). The control group consisted of 32 people without clinical manifestations of IHD. All patients to assess the area and volume of visceral adipose tissue, as well as measuring the volume of paraaortic adipose tissue at the level of the abdominal aorta were performed multispiral computed tomography (MSCT) at the level of L3–L5 vertebrae. In order to visualize and morphometry pericoronary and paraaortic adipose tissue at the level of the thoracic aorta, patients in both groups were performed MSCT angiography of the coronary arteries with ECG synchronization. To visualize the epicardial fat depot with an assessment of the thickness of the adipose tissue layer, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart was performed.Results. During the comparative analysis, significantly higher values of quantitative indicators of the main ectopic fat depots were noted in patients with coronary artery disease. Estimation of the prevalence of obesity according to BMI data in the compared groups showed no significant differences. Considering the standard values of the area and volume of visceral adipose tissue, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher in the group of patients with IHD. Conducted correlation analysis showed the relationship of quantitative indicators of ectopic visceral, para-aortic and epicardial fat depots. Moreover, in the group of patients with IHD, stronger correlations were found between the fat depots of different localization (r = 0,71, p = 0,013 in group with IHD and r = 0,59, p = 0,039 in group without IND).Conclusion. Modern tomographic methods allow for a comprehensive quantification of ectopic fat depots. Significantly higher morphometry indices of the studied fat depots in patients with coronary artery disease demonstrate the need to develop a unified diagnostic algorithm for reliable stratification of cardiometabolic risk

Visceral adiposity index in patients with coronary artery disease, obesity and type 2 diabetes

Aim. To assess visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and overweight or obesity, as well as to determine its relationship with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and inflammatory markers, depending on the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMD).Material and methods. The study included 95 patients with CAD and overweight (body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m2) or obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2), of which 59 patients had type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 36 were without CMD. All patients were assessed for obesity; VAI was calculated. Following laboratory parameters were evaluated: glucose, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, adiponectin, lipid panel. In patients without history of CMD, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed.Results. Compared with patients without CMD, subjects with T2D had significantly higher values of BMI, waist circumference, as well as the body fat percentage, area and volume of visceral adipose tissue estimated by computed tomography. Analysis of lipid profile, C-reactive protein and adiponectin levels did not reveal significant differences between the groups. VAI also did not significantly differ in both groups. VAI had the most correlations with clinical and metabolic parameters in both patients with T2D and without CMD. Other methods for assessing obesity were less correlated with laboratory parameters in both groups. Only VAI significantly correlated with adiponectin in both groups.Conclusion. The obtained correlations between VAI and clinical and metabolic parameters confirm the practicability of using it to determine adipose tissue dysfunction in patients with/without CMD. The effect of increased VAI on the cardiovascular risk in high-risk patients requires further study

Participation of the C-terminal propeptide procollagen type I in the formation of cardiofibrosis in patients with myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction

Aim. To study the dynamics of procollagen type I carboxy-terminal propeptide (PICP) with an assessment of potential associations with cardiac fibrosis (CF) and diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the left ventricle (LV) during the hospitalization and one year after ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).Material and methods. The study included 120 patients with STEMI. There were following inclusion criteria: diagnosis of STEMI (2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines); Killip £III acute heart failure (AHF); signed informed consent; patient age >18 years old. There were following exclusion criteria: STEMI due to percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting; Killip IV AHF; patient age >80 years; clinically significant comorbidities; death of the patient during the first day of hospitalization. On the 1st, 12th day of the disease and after a year all patients underwent echocardiography and the PICP concentration was determined. One year after myocardial infarction, contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assess CF. In the analyzed group of patients, on day 1 of STEMI, mean values of LV ejection fraction (EF) in the range of 40-49% were observed in 3 (2,5%) patients, LVEF <40% — in 31 (26%), LVEF ≥50% — in 86 (71,7%). The final analysis was performed on a sample of patients with preserved LVEF (n=86) (71,7%).Results. On the first day of myocardial infarction, signs of DD were noted in 25 (29,1%) patients, while after 1 year, their number increased by 9 (10%) and amounted to 34 (39,5%) patients. In 15 (17,6%) people, worsening of myocardial systolic dysfunction was noted. Patients with a CF ³16% had the highest PICP expression on the first day of the disease. CF ≥16% one year after STEMI with preserved EF is associated with PICP concentration on day 1 of the disease. In addition, multidirectional correlations were revealed between the CF ≥16% and parameters of LV diastolic function (e’, mean pulmonary artery pressure, E/e’).Conclusion. Determination of the PICP concentration on the 1st day of myocardial infarction will allow early identification of patients at risk of CF one year after STEMI with preserved EF