Structures Related to the Emplacement of Shallow-Level Intrusions

A systematic view of the vast nomenclature used to describe the structures of shallow-level intrusions is presented here. Structures are organised in four main groups, according to logical breaks in the timing of magma emplacement, independent of the scales of features: (1) Intrusion-related structures, formed as the magma is making space and then develops into its intrusion shape; (2) Magmatic flow-related structures, developed as magma moves with suspended crystals that are free to rotate; (3) Solid-state, flow-related structures that formed in portions of the intrusions affected by continuing flow of nearby magma, therefore considered to have a syn-magmatic, non-tectonic origin; (4) Thermal and fragmental structures, related to creation of space and impact on host materials. This scheme appears as a rational organisation, helpful in describing and interpreting the large variety of structures observed in shallow-level intrusions

Transformações e continuidades nos programas de bem-estar social no Canadá Transformations and continuities in Canadian social welfare programs

As mães pobres e suas famílias constituem um dilema central a um sistema de bem-estar social que visa principalmente encorajar e manter os trabalhadores na força de trabalho. As transferências de renda pelo poder público para este e outros grupos marginalizados podem ser vistas como um desestímulo ao trabalho assalariado e têm sido, desde o início do século XX no Canadá, marcadas por enormes mesquinhez e contradições. Esse artigo discute transformações recentes nesses programas e seus efeitos nas famílias e indivíduos, enfocando o caso específico das mulheres pobres mantendo suas famílias sozinhas. Ele argumenta que o corte e re-definição gradual dos programas mudaram a natureza do estado de bem-estar social no Canadá e reduzem os caminhos para sair da pobreza disponíveis a grupos marginalizados.<br>Poor mothers and their families constitute a core dilemma for a social welfare system that aims primarily to encourage and keep workers in the labor force. Public income transfers to these and other marginalized groups may be viewed as disincentives to seek paid work and have been characterized in Canada by stinginess and contradictions since the beginning of the XX century. This paper discusses recent transformations in these programs and their effects on families and individuals. Focusing specifically on poor mothers raising children alone, it argues that many gradual cuts and reshaping these programs have changed the character of the social welfare state in Canada, blocking escape routes from poverty for marginalized groups

Regulation of titin-based cardiac stiffness by unfolded domain oxidation (UnDOx)

The relationship between oxidative stress and cardiac stiffness is thought to involve modifications to the giant muscle protein titin, which in turn can determine the progression of heart disease. In vitro studies have shown that S-glutathionylation and disulfide bonding of titin fragments could alter the elastic properties of titin; however, whether and where titin becomes oxidized in vivo is less certain. Here we demonstrate, using multiple models of oxidative stress in conjunction with mechanical loading, that immunoglobulin domains preferentially from the distal titin spring region become oxidized in vivo through the mechanism of unfolded domain oxidation (UnDOx). Via oxidation type-specific modification of titin, UnDOx modulates human cardiomyocyte passive force bidirectionally. UnDOx also enhances titin phosphorylation and, importantly, promotes nonconstitutive folding and aggregation of unfolded domains. We propose a mechanism whereby UnDOx enables the controlled homotypic interactions within the distal titin spring to stabilize this segment and regulate myocardial passive stiffness