Contemporary visions of masculinity

Актуальность исследования связана с пересмотром образа «настоящего мужчины» в современном обществе. Во второй половине XX в. явно проявляется кризис маскулинности, который выражается в размывании/противоречивости требований традиционного канона маскулинности, а также в отсутствии самой возможности у современных мужчин соответствовать классическим требованиям. Это влияет на поведение и самоощущения взрослых мужчин и меняет процессы социализации подрастающего поколения мальчиков. Парадигмальной основой данного исследования выступает теория социального конструктивизма. Рассматриваются представления о наполнении образа «мужественности» - подходы к определению понятия, анализируются факторы трансформации феномена маскулинности, приводятся данные эмпирического исследования. Эмпирические данные получены с помощью социологических исследований в рамках качественной парадигмы. Использованы два метода: фокус-группы, где информантами выступали женщины, воспитывающие сыновей, и полуструктурированные интервью с молодыми мужчинами. В результате обнаруживается отсутствие не только единых представлений о содержательной наполненности образа маскулинно- сти, но и отсутствие единодушия относительно самого наличия сугубо мужских качеств. Хотя в целом можно выявить некие характеристики, которые конвенционально должны быть свойственны «настоящим мужчинам», значительная часть качеств признается относительной. К тому же анализ не позволяет выявить какие-либо качества, которые признаются как исключительно принадлежащие мужчинам и не требующиеся для женщин в современном обществе.Contemporary society offers a revised version of the true masculinity. The revision occurred in the second half of the XXth century and manifested itself through the internal contradictions in the canon of masculinity. These were further aggravated by sheer impossibility for men to qualify as masculine in classical sense. The situation affects both grown men's self esteem and behavior and modifies boy's socialization. Using constructivism as a framework, the authors analyse the components and interpretations of «masculinity» and the factors transforming the latter. The data used in the article include focus-group and personal interview transcripts. The focus-groups involved single boy-raising mothers while the interviewees were young adult males. The methods revealed both the lack of coherent composition of the model masculinity and the absence of mutual opinion concerning the sheer existence of masculine qualities. Although some characteristics could be more or less consensually perceived as «true masculine», most were recognized as at least relative. Furthermore, the analysis did not reveal any features recognized as purely masculine because of their high relevance for a successful contemporary woman

Diagnostic value of electrocardiographic variables to predict the presence of ventricular late potentials

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the presence of ventricular late potentials in the highly amplified, averaged and filtered surface electrocardiogram (ECG) can be predicted from the conventional surface ECG, 211 patients with and without previously documented sustained ventricular tachycardia outside the acute phase of myocardial infarction were studied.The presence of left ventricular akinesia or aneurysm was significantly correlated with the ECG score (based on Q wave duration, R wave duration and amplitude ratio). The mean ECG score in patients without ventricular tachycardia was 3.4 ± 3.5 points compared with 5.5 ± 3.9 points (p < 0.001) in patients with ventricular tachycardia. The presence of late potentials was positively correlated with the ECG score in the whole cohort of patients. This was also the case in the subgroup of patients without a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia. In contrast, in patients with ventricular tachycardia, the presence of late potentials was independent of their ECG score.Using linear discriminant function analyses to predict the presence of late potentials, a history of ventricular tachycardia alone and the ECG score alone had a high predictive power (high standardized coefficients). If combinations of variables were analyzed including estimates of left ventricular function (presence of aneurysm or akinesia; ejection fraction), the ECG score and a history of ventricular tachycardia still ranked highest. The influence of ejection fraction if used in combination with other variables for the prediction of late potentials was relatively small (standardized coefficient of 0.4).In conclusion, the surface ECG can be used in patients previously free of sustained ventricular tachycardia to predict the presence of ventricular late potentials. This may help identify subgroups of patients after recent myocardial infarction in whom ECG signal averaging may be warranted to predict prognosis

The RACE to the EAST. In pursuit of rhythm control therapy for atrial fibrillation-a dedication to Harry Crijns

The RACE trial was one of the first landmark trials to establish whether restoring and maintaining sinus rhythm could reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Its neutral outcome shaped clinical decision-making for almost 20 years. However, there were two important treatment-related factors associated with mortality of rhythm control therapy at that time: One was safety of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and the other one withdrawal of anticoagulation after restoration of sinus rhythm. Both concerns have been overcome, and, moreover, important knowledge considering the importance of time for the treatment of AF has been gained. These insights led to the concept of the EAST-AFNET 4 trial, and after more than two decades in the pursuit of ongoing therapeutic improvement, early rhythm control therapy has demonstrated to reduce a composite of cardiovascular death, stroke, and hospitalization for worsening of HF or acute coronary syndrome, by 21% (first primary outcome, absolute reduction 1.1 per 100 patient-years). For this entire period, Harry Crijns characterized the treatment of AF patients, and contributed decisively to realizing the benefit of rhythm control therapy. It is almost easier to list the clinical trials without Harry's involvement than to list those which he co-designed and led

Информационно-аналитическая система для автоматизированной диагностики патологий органов грудной клетки

В работе рассмотрены алгоритмы обнаружения патологий на рентгенограммах, обучена и протестирована модель машинного обучения, разработано веб-приложение для простой и удобной работы с моделью.This paper describes the development of a deep learning model for automated thoracic pathologies detection, the model was trained on a large scale chest X-ray scans dataset. A web-app was designed and developed to help radiologists analyze chest X-ray scans without spending too much time on it

Patient-Reported Satisfaction and Study Drug Discontinuation: Post-Hoc Analysis of Findings from ROCKET AF.

IntroductionPatient-reported outcomes (PROs) and satisfaction endpoints are increasingly important in clinical trials and may be associated with treatment adherence. In this post hoc substudy from ROCKET AF, we examined whether patient-reported satisfaction was associated with study drug discontinuation.MethodsROCKET AF (n = 14,264) compared rivaroxaban with warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. We analyzed treatment satisfaction scores: the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication version II (TSQM II). We compared satisfaction with study drug between the two treatment arms, and examined the association between satisfaction and patient-driven study drug discontinuation (stopping study drug due to withdrawal of consent, noncompliance, or loss to follow-up).ResultsA total of 1577 (11%) patients participated in the Patient Satisfaction substudy; 1181 (8.3%) completed both the ACTS and TSQM II 4 weeks after starting study drug. Patients receiving rivaroxaban did not experience significant differences in satisfaction compared with those receiving warfarin. During a median follow-up of 1.6 years, 448 premature study drug discontinuations occurred (213 rivaroxaban group; 235 warfarin group), of which 116 (26%) were patient-driven (52 [24%] rivaroxaban group; 64 [27%] warfarin group). No significant differences were observed between satisfaction level and rates of patient-driven study drug discontinuation.ConclusionsStudy drug satisfaction did not predict rate of study drug discontinuation. No significant difference was observed between satisfaction with warfarin and rivaroxaban, as expected given the double-blind trial design. Although these results are negative, the importance of PRO data will only increase, and these analyses may inform future studies that explore the relationship between drug-satisfaction PROs, adherence, and clinical outcomes. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT00403767.FundingThe ROCKET AF trial was funded by Johnson &amp; Johnson and Bayer

823-2 The ratio of early diastolic mitral flow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity predicts prognosis in patients with chronic congestive heart failure

Arquitectes: Lluís Clotet, Òscar Tusquets Blanca, Carlos DíazProposta d'alçats i seccions del convent dels Àngels.Digitalitzat per Tecnodo