188 research outputs found
Ferne RΓ€ume im Erdkundeunterricht. Eine Komplexanalyse unterrichtlicher Entscheidungsfelder aus unterrichtspraktischer Sicht
Knowledge of remote regions and countries is an important topic of geographical education. Due to rapid changes all over the world and global challenges on the one hand and a lot of changes in school education on the other hand the task of teaching the geography of remote regions is facing many problems. The following essay presents some results of an investigation into this topic which aims at developing recommendations and guidelines for teachers and students to deal with the multitude of questions connected to the topic. This investigation analyses the factors influencing this particular field of geographical education at school (ger. Unterrichtliche Entscheidungsfelder) and puts emphasis on the question in what way these factors influence each other. The analysis shows that problems such as over-simplification, distortion of facts, stereotypes and lack of insight into possible solutions still exist in modern concepts. However, they are mostly not due to theoretical problems but to deficiencies in everyday teaching and the supply of information because lessons and schoolbooks are often influenced by topical trends that emphasize one aspect but neglect other aspects of a topic. The study proved that the complex situation of teaching remote regions cannot be described and evaluated by means of simple input-output strategies and monostructural studies of efficiency but that decisions as well as judgements within the learning process have to made on the basis of the complexity of the systems, standards of ethics and a "feeling" for the requirements of a particular group of learners at a particular time
Sortie-Based Aircraft Component Demand Rate to Predict Requirements
Purpose β Forecasting techniques improve supply chain resilience by ensuring that the correct parts are available when required. In addition, accurate forecasts conserve precious resources and money by avoiding new start contracts to produce unforeseen part requests, reducing labor intensive cannibalization actions and ensuring consistent transportation modality streams where changes incur cost. This study explores the effectiveness of the United States Air Forceβs current flying hour-based demand forecast by comparing it with a sortie-based demand forecast to predict future spare part needs. Design/methodology/approach β This study employs a correlation analysis to show that demand for reparable parts on certain aircraft has a stronger correlation to the number of sorties flown than the number of flying hours. The effect of using the number of sorties flown instead of flying hours is analyzed by employing sorties in the United States Air Force (USAF)βs current reparable parts forecasting model. A comparative analysis on D200 forecasting error is conducted across F-16 and B-52 fleets. Findings β This study finds that the USAF could improve its reparable parts forecast, and subsequently part availability, by employing a sortie-based demand rate for particular aircraft such as the F-16. Additionally, our findings indicate that forecasts for reparable parts on aircraft with low sortie count flying profiles, such as the B-52 fleet, perform better modeling demand as a function of flying hours. Thus, evidence is provided that the Air Force should employ multiple forecasting techniques across its possessed, organically supported aircraft fleets. The improvement of the forecast and subsequent decrease in forecast error will be presented in the Results and Discussion section. Research limitations/implications β This study is limited by the data-collection environment, which is only reported on an annual basis and is limited to 14 years of historical data. Furthermore, some observations were not included because significant data entry errors resulted in unusable observations. Originality/value β There are few studies addressing the time measure of USAF reparable component failures. To the best of the authorsβ knowledge, there are no studies that analyze spare component demand as a function of sortie numbers and compare the results of forecasts made on a sortie-based demand signal to the current flying hour-based approach to spare parts forecasting. The sortie-based forecast is a novel methodology and is shown to outperform the current flying hour-based method for some aircraft fleets
Pyrene Mineralization by Mycobacterium sp. Strain KMS in a Barley Rhizosphere
To determine whether the soil Mycobacterium isolate KMS would mineralize pyrene under rhizosphere conditions, a microcosm system was established to collect radioactive carbon dioxide released from the labeled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Microcosms were designed as sealed, flow-through systems that allowed the growth of plants. Experiments were conducted to evaluate mineralization of 14C-labeled pyrene in a sand amended with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degrading Mycobacterium isolate KMS, barley plants, or barley plants with roots colonized by isolate KMS. Mineralization was quantified by collecting the 14CO2 produced from 14C-labeled pyrene at intervals during the 10-d incubation period. Roots and foliar tissues were examined for 14C incorporation. Mass balances for microcosms were determined through combustion of sand samples and collection and quantification of 14CO2 evolved from radiolabeled pyrene. No pyrene mineralization was observed in the sterile control systems. Greater release of 14CO2 was observed in the system with barley colonized by KMS than in microcosms containing just the bacterium inoculum or sterile barley plants. These findings suggest that phytostimulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mineralization could be applied in remediation schemes
Seroprevalence of Zika virus in wild African green monkeys and baboons
ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) has recently spread through the Americas and has been associated with a range of health effects, including birth defects in children born to women infected during pregnancy. Although the natural reservoir of ZIKV remains poorly defined, the virus was first identified in a captive βsentinelβ macaque monkey in Africa in 1947. However, the virus has not been reported in humans or nonhuman primates (NHPs) in Africa outside Gabon in over a decade. Here, we examine ZIKV infection in 239 wild baboons and African green monkeys from South Africa, the Gambia, Tanzania, and Zambia using combinations of unbiased deep sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), and an antibody capture assay that we optimized using serum collected from captive macaque monkeys exposed to ZIKV, dengue virus, and yellow fever virus. While we did not find evidence of active ZIKV infection in wild NHPs in Africa, we found variable ZIKV seropositivity of up to 16% in some of the NHP populations sampled. We anticipate that these results and the methodology described within will help in continued efforts to determine the prevalence, natural reservoir, and transmission dynamics of ZIKV in Africa and elsewhere. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus originally discovered in a captive monkey living in the Zika Forest of Uganda, Africa, in 1947. Recently, an outbreak in South America has shown that ZIKV infection can cause myriad health effects, including birth defects in the children of women infected during pregnancy. Here, we sought to investigate ZIKV infection in wild African primates to better understand its emergence and spread, looking for evidence of active or prior infection. Our results suggest that up to 16% of some populations of nonhuman primate were, at some point, exposed to ZIKV. We anticipate that this study will be useful for future studies that examine the spread of infections from wild animals to humans in general and those studying ZIKV in primates in particular. Podcast: A podcast concerning this article is available
Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ
Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΊ
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅: ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² 1,83 ΠΌΠ»Π½ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ². Π‘ ΡΠ½Π²Π°ΡΡ 2019 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ° Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΉΠ½-ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ: ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΠΆΠ° Π°Π²ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π€; ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΅Π·Π΄ΠΊΠΈ.Travel is an integral part of every modern person's life. They are flying more and more often: the intensity of air traffic in 2019 reached a record level-1.83 million flights. Starting in January 2019, fares for baggage and hand luggage were changed. In this regard, the design of the luggage compartment has become relevant, since there is no universal luggage suitable for the new standards on the market. The proposed solution to the lack of universal luggage by using design method-design, which will allow to unite in its decision all of the baggage and luggage of airlines flying on the territory of the Russian Federation; to change the design taking into account the objectives of consumers and the duration of their trip
3D Assembly Group Analysis for Cognitive Automation
A concept that allows the cognitive automation of robotic assembly processes is introduced. An assembly cell comprised of two robots was designed to verify the concept. For the purpose of validation a customer-defined part group consisting of Hubelino bricks is assembled. One of the key aspects for this process is the verification of the assembly group. Hence a software component was designed that utilizes the Microsoft Kinect to perceive both depth and color data in the assembly area. This information is used to determine the current state of the assembly group and is compared to a CAD model for validation purposes. In order to efficiently resolve erroneous situations, the results are interactively accessible to a human expert. The implications for an industrial application are demonstrated by transferring the developed concepts to an assembly scenario for switch-cabinet systems
Stimulated amplification of propagating spin waves
Spin-wave amplification techniques are key to the realization of magnon-based
computing concepts. We introduce a novel mechanism to amplify spin waves in
magnonic nanostructures. Using the technique of rapid cooling, we create a
non-equilibrium state in excess of high-energy magnons and demonstrate the
stimulated amplification of an externally seeded, propagating spin wave. Using
an extended kinetic model, we qualitatively show that the amplification is
mediated by an effective energy flux of high energy magnons into the low energy
propagating mode, driven by a non-equilibrium magnon distribution
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