Evaluation of laryngeal mask as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in cats anesthetized under spontaneous or controlled ventilation

Objective To compare the cardiorespiratory effects and incidence of gastroesophageal reflux with the use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) or endotracheal tube (ET) in anesthetized cats during spontaneous (SV) or controlled ventilation (CV).Study design Prospective randomized experimental trial.Animals Thirty-two adult crossbred cats, weighing 2.7 +/- 0.4 kg.Methods the cats were sedated with intramuscular (IM) methotrimeprazine (0.5 mg kg(-1)) and buprenorphine (0.005 mg kg(-1)), followed 30 minutes later by induction of anesthesia with intravenous (IV) thiopental (12.5-20 mg kg(-1)). An ET was used in 16 cats and an LMA in the remaining 16 animals. Anesthesia was maintained with 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (0.6%) of halothane in oxygen using a Mapleson D breathing system. Cats in both groups were further divided into two equal groups (n = 8), undergoing either SV or CV. Neuromuscular blockade with pancuronium (0.06 mg kg(-1)) was used to facilitate CV. Heart and respiratory rates, direct arterial blood pressure, capnometry (PE'CO2) and arterial blood gases were measured. Gastric reflux and possible aspiration was investigated by intragastric administration of 5 mL of radiographic contrast immediately after induction of anesthesia. Cervical and thoracic radiographs were taken at the end of anesthesia. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Student-Newman-Keuls, Kruskal-Wallis or Friedman test where appropriate.Results Values for PaCO2 and PE'CO2 were higher in spontaneously breathing cats with the LMA when compared with other groups. Values of PaO2 and hemoglobin oxygen saturation did not differ between groups. Gastroesophageal reflux occurred in four of eight and two of eight cats undergoing CV with ET or LMA, respectively. There was no tracheal or pulmonary aspiration in any cases.Conclusions and clinical relevance the use of an LMA may be used as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in anesthetized cats. Although aspiration was not observed, gastric reflux may occur in mechanically ventilated animals

Hypothermia control in elderly surgical patients in the intraoperative period: evaluation of two nursing interventions Control de la hipotermia de pacientes quirúrgicos ancianos en el intraoperatorio: evaluación de dos intervenciones de enfermería Controle da hipotermia de pacientes cirúrgicos idosos no intraoperatório: avaliação de duas intervenções de enfermagem

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of two different nursing interventions regarding control of body heat loss, using blankets during the intraoperative period of elderly patients. METHODS: This was an experimental, comparative, applied, longitudinal prospective study with a quantitative approach. Eighty-one elderly patients undergoing elective surgery with a surgical time frame of at least one hour were selected by systematic probability sampling into two Experimental and one Control Group. Informed consent was obtained from participants. Data was collected by biophysiological measurement, using a tympanic thermometer. RESULTS: After the homogeneity of variables - gender, surgical duration, age, BMR, anesthesia, room humidity and temperature, drugs and liquid infusion- had been demonstrated, the interventions were confronted. Incidence of hypothermia (59.3%) and body heat loss (E1=-0.6ºC , E2=-0.6oC and C=-0.7ºC) were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.85 and p=0.7 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Results show the need for associated extra body warming methods to maintain normothermia.<br>OBJETIVO: Verificar la eficacia de dos intervenciones de enfermería en el control de la pérdida de temperatura corporal, utilizando mantas, en el intraoperatorio de pacientes quirúrgicos ancianos. MÉTODO: La investigación fue experimental, comparativa, de campo, aplicada, longitudinal prospectiva, con aproximación cuantitativa. Ochenta y uno ancianos, bajo cirugía electiva, con tiempo quirúrgico mínimo de una hora, fueron divididos a través de muestra probabilística, sistemática en dos grupos experimentales y un control. Los datos fueron recolectados por medida biofisiológica, a través de termómetro timpánico. RESULTADOS: Tras demostrar la homogeneidad de las variables: sexo, porte quirúrgico, edad, IMC, anestesia, temperatura y humedad ambiente, drogas e infusión líquida, las intervenciones fueron comparadas entre si. La incidencia de hipotermia y promedio de pérdida de calor corporal (E1=-0,6ºC, E2=-0,6oC y C=-0,7ºC) no han sido estadísticamente diferentes entre grupos (p=0,85 e p=0,7 respectivamente).CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados han demostrado la necesidad de métodos adicionales de calentamiento corporal para manutención de la temperatura.<br>O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a eficácia de duas intervenções de enfermagem no controle da perda de temperatura corporal, utilizando cobertores no intra-operatório de pacientes cirúrgicos idosos. O estudo foi experimental, comparativo, de campo, aplicado, longitudinal prospectiva, com abordagem quantitativa. Oitenta e um idosos, sob cirurgia eletiva, com tempo cirúrgico mínimo de uma hora, foram divididos através de amostragem probabilística sistemática em dois grupos experimentais e um controle. Os dados foram coletados por medida biofisiológica, através de termômetro timpânico. Após demonstrar homogeneidade das variáveis - sexo, porte cirúrgico, idade, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), anestesia, temperatura e umidade ambiente, drogas e infusão líquida -, as intervenções foram comparadas entre si. A incidência de hipotermia (59,3%) e média de perda de calor corporal (E1=-0,6ºC , E2=-0,6ºC e C=-0,7ºC) não foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos (p=0,85 e p=0,7, respectivamente). Os resultados demonstram necessidade de métodos adicionais de aquecimento corporal para manutenção da temperatura