1,126 research outputs found
Dynamical Scaling: the Two-Dimensional XY Model Following a Quench
To sensitively test scaling in the 2D XY model quenched from
high-temperatures into the ordered phase, we study the difference between
measured correlations and the (scaling) results of a Gaussian-closure
approximation. We also directly compare various length-scales. All of our
results are consistent with dynamical scaling and an asymptotic growth law , though with a time-scale that depends on the
length-scale in question. We then reconstruct correlations from the
minimal-energy configuration consistent with the vortex positions, and find
them significantly different from the ``natural'' correlations --- though both
scale with . This indicates that both topological (vortex) and
non-topological (``spin-wave'') contributions to correlations are relevant
arbitrarily late after the quench. We also present a consistent definition of
dynamical scaling applicable more generally, and emphasize how to generalize
our approach to other quenched systems where dynamical scaling is in question.
Our approach directly applies to planar liquid-crystal systems.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figure
Close-coupling approach to antiproton-impact ionisation of H2 with analytical spherical averaging
Integrated cross section for single ionisation of molecular hydrogen by antiproton impact has been calculated in a wide range of impact energies from 1 keV up to 2 MeV using a close-coupling approach. For the first time all possible orientations of the molecular target have been accounted for using an ab initio analytical spherical averaging technique. Obtained results are in good agreement with experiment
Percolation Systems away from the Critical Point
This article reviews some effects of disorder in percolation systems even
away from the critical density p_c. For densities below p_c, the statistics of
large clusters defines the animals problem. Its relation to the directed
animals problem and the Lee-Yang edge singularity problem is described. Rare
compact clusters give rise to Griffiths singuraties in the free energy of
diluted ferromagnets, and lead to a very slow relaxation of magnetization. In
biassed diffusion on percolation clusters, trapping in dead-end branches leads
to asymptotic drift velocity becoming zero for strong bias, and very slow
relaxation of velocity near the critical bias field.Comment: Minor typos fixed. Submitted to Praman
Phase separation transition in liquids and polymers induced by electric field gradients
Spatially uniform electric fields have been used to induce instabilities in
liquids and polymers, and to orient and deform ordered phases of
block-copolymers. Here we discuss the demixing phase transition occurring in
liquid mixtures when they are subject to spatially nonuniform fields. Above the
critical value of potential, a phase-separation transition occurs, and two
coexisting phases appear separated by a sharp interface. Analytical and
numerical composition profiles are given, and the interface location as a
function of charge or voltage is found. The possible influence of demixing on
the stability of suspensions and on inter-colloid interaction is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Special issue of the J. Phys. Soc. Ja
Anisotropic Coarsening: Grain Shapes and Nonuniversal Persistence
We solve a coarsening system with small but arbitrary anisotropic surface
tension and interface mobility. The resulting size-dependent growth shapes are
significantly different from equilibrium microcrystallites, and have a
distribution of grain sizes different from isotropic theories. As an
application of our results, we show that the persistence decay exponent depends
on anisotropy and hence is nonuniversal.Comment: 4 pages (revtex), 2 eps figure
Chirality scenario of the spin-glass ordering
Detailed account is given of the chirality scenario of experimental
spin-glass transitions. In this scenario, the spin glass order of weakly
anisotropic Heisenberg-like spin-glass magnets including canonical spin glasses
are essentially chirality driven. Recent numerical and experimental results are
discussed in conjunction with this scenario.Comment: Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Japan "Special Issue on Frustration
Fluctuation Study of the Specific Heat of MgB2
The specific heat of polycrystalline MgB has been measured with
high resolution ac calorimetry from 5 to 45 K at constant magnetic fields. The
excess specific heat above T is discussed in terms of Gaussian
fluctuations and suggests that MgB is a bulk superconductor with
Ginzburg-Landau coherence length \AA . The transition-width
broadening in field is treated in terms of lowest-Landau-level (LLL)
fluctuations. That analysis requires that \AA . The underestimate
of the coherence length in field, along with deviations from 3D LLL
predictions, suggest that there is an influence from the anisotropy of B
between the c-axis and the a-b plane.Comment: Phys. Rev. B 66, 134515 (2002
Nonequilibrium Quantum Dynamics of Second Order Phase Transitions
We use the so-called Liouville-von Neumann (LvN) approach to study the
nonequilibrium quantum dynamics of time-dependent second order phase
transitions. The LvN approach is a canonical method that unifies the functional
Schr\"{o}dinger equation for the quantum evolution of pure states and the LvN
equation for the quantum description of mixed states of either equilibrium or
nonequilibrium. As nonequilibrium quantum mechanical systems we study a
time-dependent harmonic and an anharmonic oscillator and find the exact Fock
space and density operator for the harmonic oscillator and the nonperturbative
Gaussian Fock space and density operator for the anharmonic oscillator. The
density matrix and the coherent, thermal and coherent-thermal states are found
in terms of their classical solutions, for which the effective Hamiltonians and
equations of motion are derived. The LvN approach is further extended to
quantum fields undergoing time-dependent second order phase transitions. We
study an exactly solvable model with a finite smooth quench and find the
two-point correlation functions. Due to the spinodal instability of long
wavelength modes the two-point correlation functions lead to the
-scaling relation during the quench and the Cahn-Allen scaling
relation after the completion of quench. Further, after the finite
quench the domain formation shows a time-lag behavior at the cubic power of
quench period. Finally we study the time-dependent phase transition of a
self-interacting scalar field.Comment: discussion on back-reaction added, typos corrected, references added,
final version for PR
Effects of dissipation on quantum phase transitions
We discuss the effect of dissipation on quantum phase transitions. In
particular we concentrate on the Superconductor to Insulator and Quantum-Hall
to Insulator transitions. By invoking a phenomenological parameter to
describe the coupling of the system to a continuum of degrees of freedom
representing the dissipative bath, we obtain new phase diagrams for the quantum
Hall and superconductor-insulator problems. Our main result is that, in
two-dimensions, the metallic phases observed in finite magnetic fields
(possibly also strictly zero field) are adiabatically deformable from one to
the other. This is plausible, as there is no broken symmetry which
differentiates them.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Surface Critical Behavior in Systems with Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions
We study the surface critical behavior of branching-annihilating random walks
with an even number of offspring (BARW) and directed percolation (DP) using a
variety of theoretical techniques. Above the upper critical dimensions d_c,
with d_c=4 (DP) and d_c=2 (BARW), we use mean field theory to analyze the
surface phase diagrams using the standard classification into ordinary,
special, surface, and extraordinary transitions. For the case of BARW, at or
below the upper critical dimension, we use field theoretic methods to study the
effects of fluctuations. As in the bulk, the field theory suffers from
technical difficulties associated with the presence of a second critical
dimension. However, we are still able to analyze the phase diagrams for BARW in
d=1,2, which turn out to be very different from their mean field analog.
Furthermore, for the case of BARW only (and not for DP), we find two
independent surface beta_1 exponents in d=1, arising from two distinct
definitions of the order parameter. Using an exact duality transformation on a
lattice BARW model in d=1, we uncover a relationship between these two surface
beta_1 exponents at the ordinary and special transitions. Many of our
predictions are supported using Monte-Carlo simulations of two different models
belonging to the BARW universality class.Comment: 19 pages, 12 figures, minor additions, 1 reference adde
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