9,101 research outputs found
Examining professionals' and parents' views of using transanal irrigation with children: Understanding their experiences to develop a shared health resource for education and practise
Irrigation as a bowel management approach has been reportedly used with children for more than 20 years. Parents managing their child's chronic bowel problem have previously been shown to have increased emotional stress. The aim of this study was to explore professionals' (n = 24) understanding and parents' (n = 18) experiences of using transanal irrigation with children at home as a mid to longer term bowel management approach. This study was underpinned by action research methodology and used mixed methods determined by an action research group of parents, professionals, researchers, a voluntary sector worker, commercial representative and independent observer. Data informed the study outcome which was the development and evaluation of a shared health resource to support professionals in their holistic approach when prescribing transanal irrigation and guide parents in the areas of education, management, problem solving, support and goal setting. The resource includes constructed case studies from parents of their experiences to inform choice and decision-making between parents and professionals. The shared health resource provides an approach to initiating and evaluating transanal irrigation and is available in a paper format from key Internet sites across hospital, community and voluntary services
Non-equilibrium Phase-Ordering with a Global Conservation Law
In all dimensions, infinite-range Kawasaki spin exchange in a quenched Ising
model leads to an asymptotic length-scale
at because the kinetic coefficient is renormalized by the broken-bond
density, . For , activated kinetics recovers the
standard asymptotic growth-law, . However, at all temperatures,
infinite-range energy-transport is allowed by the spin-exchange dynamics. A
better implementation of global conservation, the microcanonical Creutz
algorithm, is well behaved and exhibits the standard non-conserved growth law,
, at all temperatures.Comment: 2 pages and 2 figures, uses epsf.st
Corrections to Scaling in the Phase-Ordering Dynamics of a Vector Order Parameter
Corrections to scaling, associated with deviations of the order parameter
from the scaling morphology in the initial state, are studied for systems with
O(n) symmetry at zero temperature in phase-ordering kinetics. Including
corrections to scaling, the equal-time pair correlation function has the form
C(r,t) = f_0(r/L) + L^{-omega} f_1(r/L) + ..., where L is the coarsening length
scale. The correction-to-scaling exponent, omega, and the correction-to-scaling
function, f_1(x), are calculated for both nonconserved and conserved order
parameter systems using the approximate Gaussian closure theory of Mazenko. In
general, omega is a non-trivial exponent which depends on both the
dimensionality, d, of the system and the number of components, n, of the order
parameter. Corrections to scaling are also calculated for the nonconserved 1-d
XY model, where an exact solution is possible.Comment: REVTeX, 20 pages, 2 figure
Lifshitz-Slyozov Scaling For Late-Stage Coarsening With An Order-Parameter-Dependent Mobility
The coarsening dynamics of the Cahn-Hilliard equation with order-parameter
dependent mobility, , is addressed at
zero temperature in the Lifshitz-Slyozov limit where the minority phase
occupies a vanishingly small volume fraction. Despite the absence of bulk
diffusion for , the mean domain size is found to grow as , due to subdiffusive transport of the order parameter
through the majority phase. The domain-size distribution is determined
explicitly for the physically relevant case .Comment: 4 pages, Revtex, no figure
Nonequilibrium critical dynamics of ferromagnetic spin systems
We use simple models (the Ising model in one and two dimensions, and the
spherical model in arbitrary dimension) to put to the test some recent ideas on
the slow dynamics of nonequilibrium systems. In this review the focus is on the
temporal evolution of two-time quantities and on the violation of the
fluctuation-dissipation theorem, with special emphasis given to nonequilibrium
critical dynamics.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures.Contribution to the Proceedings of the ESF SPHINX
meeting `Glassy behaviour of kinetically constrained models' (Barcelona,
March 22-25, 2001). To appear in a special issue of J. Phys. Cond. Mat
The Stability of the Replica Symmetric State in Finite Dimensional Spin Glasses
According to the droplet picture of spin glasses, the low-temperature phase
of spin glasses should be replica symmetric. However, analysis of the stability
of this state suggested that it was unstable and this instability lends support
to the Parisi replica symmetry breaking picture of spin glasses. The
finite-size scaling functions in the critical region of spin glasses below T_c
in dimensions greater than 6 can be determined and for them the replica
symmetric solution is unstable order by order in perturbation theory.
Nevertheless the exact solution can be shown to be replica-symmetric. It is
suggested that a similar mechanism might apply in the low-temperature phase of
spin glasses in less than six dimensions, but that a replica symmetry broken
state might exist in more than six dimensions.Comment: 5 pages. Modified to include a paragraph on the relation of this work
to that of Newman and Stei
An experimental study investigating the ability of volunteers to identify squirrel species from tail–hair samples
Un estudio experimental sobre la capacidad de los voluntarios de reconocer las especies de ardilla a partir de muestras de pelo de la cola
Las trampas de pelo, que permiten recoger los pelos de la nuca, se utilizan ampliamente para establecer la presencia de la ardilla común (Sciurus vulgaris) y la ardilla gris (Sciurus carolinensis). No obstante, es un método que requiere mucho tiempo y se presta a errores de identificación. Una alternativa es recoger pelos de la cola mediante cintas adhesivas colocadas en postes que sostienen un cebo en la parte superior. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre la precisión de la identificación del pelo de la cola. En este estudio se informa de un experimento en que se ofreció una breve sesión formativa a las personas antes de que identificaran las muestras de pelo de las cuatro especies. El índice de identificación correcta fue del 96,5% para los pelos de la ardilla gris y del 77,5% para los de la ardilla común, lo que sugiere que los pelos de la cola pueden proporcionar un método rápido, fácil y preciso de identificar ambas especies.Hair–tubes, collecting nape hairs, are widely used for establishing the presence of red (Sciurus vulgaris) and grey (Sciurus carolinensis) squirrels. However it is time–consuming and prone to identification errors. An alternative is to collect tail hairs from sticky pads on baited poles. However, there is no evidence concerning identification accuracy of tail hairs. This study reports an experiment in which subjects underwent a short training session before identifying hair samples from four species. There was a 96.5% correct identification rate for grey squirrel hairs, and 77.5% for red squirrels, which suggests that tail hairs collection may provide a quick, easy and accurate method of identification for both species.Un estudio experimental sobre la capacidad de los voluntarios de reconocer las especies de ardilla a partir de muestras de pelo de la cola
Las trampas de pelo, que permiten recoger los pelos de la nuca, se utilizan ampliamente para establecer la presencia de la ardilla común (Sciurus vulgaris) y la ardilla gris (Sciurus carolinensis). No obstante, es un método que requiere mucho tiempo y se presta a errores de identificación. Una alternativa es recoger pelos de la cola mediante cintas adhesivas colocadas en postes que sostienen un cebo en la parte superior. Sin embargo, no existen datos sobre la precisión de la identificación del pelo de la cola. En este estudio se informa de un experimento en que se ofreció una breve sesión formativa a las personas antes de que identificaran las muestras de pelo de las cuatro especies. El índice de identificación correcta fue del 96,5% para los pelos de la ardilla gris y del 77,5% para los de la ardilla común, lo que sugiere que los pelos de la cola pueden proporcionar un método rápido, fácil y preciso de identificar ambas especies
An Operational evaluation of head up displays for civil transport operations. NASA/FAA phase 3 report
The advantages and disadvantages of head-up displays (HUDs) in commercial jet transport approach and landing operations was evaluated. Ten airline captains currently qualified in the B-727 aircraft flew a series of instrument landing system (ILS) and nonprecision approaches in a motion base simulator using both a flight director HUD concept and a flightpath HUD concept as well as conventional head-down instruments under a variety of environmental and operational conditions to assess: (1) the potential benefits of these HUDs in airline operations; (2) problems which might be associated with their use; and (3) flight crew training requirements and flight crew operating procedures suitable for use with the HUDs. Results are presented in terms of objective simulator based performance measures, subject pilot opinion and rating data, and observer data
Survival probabilities in the double trapping reaction A +B -> B, B + C -> C
We consider the double trapping reaction A + B -> B, B + C -> C in one
dimension. The survival probability of a given A particle is calculated under
various conditions on the diffusion constants of the reactants, and on the
ratio of initial B and C particle densities. The results are of more general
form than those obtained in previous work on the problem.Comment: 5 page
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