Studi Komparasi Pemahaman Konsep Sistem Pernapasan Manusia Melalui Penerapan Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme Tipe Novick Dipadu Concept Map Dan Ceramah Bervariasi

This research is aim to find out the different comprehension of human respiration system concept in the Novick type of constructivism learning with concept map and the varied lecturing learning. This study was a quasi-experimental research using Post-test Only With Nonequivalent Groups research design. The sampling technique used was Cluster Sampling one. The populations of this research were all of 11th degree students of science at SMA Negeri 2 Karanganyar in academic year 2012/2013. The samples of this research were the students of 11th Imersi I as experiment group and 11th Imersi II as control group. Technique of collecting data used was a multiple choice test with reasoning, essay test, and observation sheet. The hypothesis testing was carried out using t-test. The conclusion of research that there isn\u27t different comprehension of human respiratory system concept between the Novick type of constructivism learning with concept map and the varied lecturing learning

The carbon footprint of beef transportation in Colombia: Market connections and distribution networks

Livestock food systems largely contribute to the overall food systems’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and are thus put at the centre of global policy and research agendas on mitigation and adaptation. An additional growing concern on the prevalence of globalised animal product value chains and the specialisation of agricultural markets and their environmental pressures over supply networks further adds to this debate. However, detailed quantification of the livestock contribution intensity to the emissions has focused mostly on the farm and the performance of animals’ feed intake, rather than on the composition and extension of the beef supply network, a perspective that contributes to further our understanding of the food system’s carbon footprint. This research thus used the calculation of food miles to explore the functioning of the Colombian beef market and the emissions entailed in the mobilisation of live animals and processed products in central trade nodes between 2019-2022. The results were compared with emissions derived from the transportation of alternative proteins from animal (chicken, pork, eggs, and milk) and non-animal sources (dry grains). The analysis of bovine products indicates that beef transport was responsible for the highest environmental load, generating on average 25.000 tons CO2eq, in contrast to alternative proteins, where chicken meat is the biggest culprit (40.000 tons CO2eq). However, chicken’s growing demand has increased the quantities mobilised compared to beef, reflecting a greater efficiency of the chicken supply network per volume mobilised. The relational pattern observed in Colombia’s regions pointed out Cali as the leading city in the reception and redistribution of live animals and beef. A strong interaction with neighbouring municipalities in the southwest and the Colombian Amazon configures Cali as a highly central node that, in consequence, concentrates significant pollution. These findings reveal the need to develop comprehensive approaches and strategies to reduce livestock production emissions, acknowledging the vital role that the beef supply network, transportation distances, infrastructure, and technologies play in cattle-derived emissions