Use of biodegradable polyester-based microvessels for micropropagation of mature Eucalyptus microcorys

Background: Micropropagation, an in vitro vegetative propagation technique using small propagules is one of the main applications of plant tissue culture. It can be used to clone specific plants with desired traits and reduce the cost of plant propagation. In this study, we developed a protocol for micropropagation of Eucalyptus microcorys F.Muell using a selected mature tree, in which we tested various combinations of different culture media and evaluated the use of biodegradable polyester-based microvessels during the adventitious rooting and acclimatisation phases. Methods: Epicormic shoots were used as an explant source. After the in vitro explant establishment and multiplication, we tested 8 combinations of BAP, NAA and IBA in the elongation phase. Three types of microvessels were tested in the adventitious rooting phase and acclimatisation of the microcuttings. Results: Epicormic shoots had an establishment percentage of 40.6% and a total of 820 explants were generated by the 11th subculture, with an average of 12 buds per explant. Best shoot elongation results were achieved with BAP (0.05 mg L-1) + NAA (1 mg L-1) and BAP (0.05 mg L-1) + NAA (1 mg L-1) + IBA (1 mg L-1) combinations, whereas microvessel types M2 and M3 provided higher rooting and acclimatisation. According to the results of ISSR markers, at the end of 535 days of in vitro cultivation, cloning was successful between acclimatised micro-plantlets and the parent plant. Conclusions: The micropropagation protocol using microvessels was efficient in producing E. microcorys clonal microplantlets and is recommended for further studies with this species, and for testing in the micropropagation of other species.Peer reviewe

THE FIRST ENZYME OF THE SHIKIMATE PATHWAY FROM POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L. CV. SUPERIOR) (DAHP SYNTHASE)

The enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the shikimate pathway, the 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (EC 4.1.2.15), was demonstrated in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Superior) tuber, leaf, root, stem, stolon, in potato cells grown in suspension culture, and in several other plants. The enzyme from potato tuber was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme is a dimeric protein with subunits of 54,000 daltons. The enzyme activity has a narrow pH optimum around pH 7.0. The enzyme is activated by Mn(\u272+) and tryptophan. The enzyme is hysteretic; tryptophan activation eliminates the hysteresis. Rabbit antibodies were raised against the pure enzyme. The antibodies cross-reacted with DAHP synthase from all parts of the potato plant, as shown by Ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoprecipitation from solution. The antibodies were monospecific as judged by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Antigenic similarities between DAHP synthases from different C(,3) and C(,4) plants were shown by immunoprecipitation from solution. The amount of DAHP synthase polypeptide in various parts of the potato plant was quantitated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The largest amount and the highest overall activity of the enzyme was found in the young leaf. Growing stems had the highest specific enzyme activity. The ratios of specific enzyme activity to amount of DAHP synthase polypeptide were not the same for the enzyme from different plant parts or within the potato root during plant development. I interpreted these data to indicate modification of enzyme activity, because I found no evidence for differentially expressed isoenzymes. Subsequently, I demonstrated that the enzyme from Solanum tuberosum cells grown in suspension culture is activated by posttranslational modification, when the cells are challenged with sublethal doses of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, the herbicide known as glyphosate which inhibits the penultimate enzyme of the shikimate pathway. In vitro, DAHP synthase from cells of Solanum tuberosum grown in suspension culture is not affected by glyphosate. The in vivo activation of the enzyme demonstrates convincingly that potato DAHP synthase is a regulatory enzyme. Protoplasts, prepared from Solanum tuberosum cells grown in culture, were used for subcellular fractionation of cell organelles. The DAHP synthase was located exclusively in the plastidic fraction of the cell

Produção de biomassa e teor de óleo essencial em função da idade e época de colheita em plantas de hortelã-japonesa = Biomass yield and essential oil content in function of the age and harvest period of mint plants

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da época e da idade da planta na colheita na produção de biomassa seca e no teor percentual do óleo essencial e o tempo de armazenamento das plantas de Mentha arvensis L. Foram instalados dois experimentos. No primeiro, foi avaliado o efeito de três idades na colheita, 80, 100 e 120 dias após o transplantio, e três idades na segunda colheita, 60, 75 e 90 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3. No segundo experimento, foram avaliadas três épocas de colheita: início de janeiro, final de março einício de junho. O material colhido foi seco em estufa a 37ºC, calculada a biomassa seca da parte aérea, extraído o óleo essencial em aparelho de Clevenger modificado e calculado o seu teor percentual. O teor percentual de óleo essencial e a biomassa seca da parte aérea variaram conforme a idade da primeira colheita da planta. A idade da planta na primeira colheita influenciou o teor de óleo essencial e a biomassa seca da parte aérea, em resposta às idades das plantas na segunda colheita. A época de colheita em que se obteve o maior teor de óleo essencial foi no início do mês de junho.This present work aimed to evaluate the effect of period and age the plants on harvest, dry biomass production, essential oil percentage content and storage period of mint (Mentha arvensis L.) plants. Two experiments were set: the first evaluated the effect of three harvest ages (80, 100 and 120 days) after transplanting, and three ages at the second harvest (60, 75 and 90 days). A randomized blocks design was used, with four replications in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme. In the second experiment, three harvest periods were evaluated – early January, late March and early June. The harvested material was dried at 37°C, the dry biomass of the aerial parts was calculated, the essential oil was extracted in a modified Clevenger instrument and its percentage contents were calculated. Plant age at first harvest did influence essential oil content and dry biomass of the aerialparts in response to plant age at the second harvest. The harvest period in which the essential oil content was higher was in early June

Trakya’da Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Digitalis lanata Ehrh. subsp. lanata’nın (yünlü yüksükotu) Sürgün-Ucu Kültürü ve Kardenolit İçeriğinin Belirlenmesi

Yapraklarındaki kardenolit içeriği nedeniyle Digitalis lanata, ilaç endüstrisinde konjestif kalp hastalığının tedavisinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Trakya bölgesinde yayılış gösteren D. lanata'nın doğal popülasyonları toplanmıştır. Toplanan örneklerde cardenolit analizi ardından sürgün uçlarından mikroçoğaltım yöntemiyle, sürdürülebilir bir bitki üretimi için model olabilecek bir protokol oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen kardenolitler arasından, lanatosit B, digoksin ve digitoksin ile karşılaştırıldığında, numunelerde ağırlıklı olarak Lan A (24.8 ve 300.4 mg 100 g-1 arasında değişen) ve Lan C (42.1 ve 258 mg 100 g-1) bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Aseptik koşullarda çimlendirme işlemi ardından, sürgün-ucu kültürü, MS ortamında sürgün ve kök oluşumu ardından başarıyla tamamlanmıştır. İndol-3-asetik asit (IAA) ve indol-3-bütirik asit (IBA) konsantrasyonlarına bağlı olarak, sürgün ve kök oluşumunda etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Sürgün uçlarından en fazla iki sürgün, 8 haftalık kültür sonunda üretilmiş olup, 12. haftanın sonunda her sürgünün ortalama 8.1 cm uzunluğunda ortalama 6.4 kök ürettiği tespit edilmiştir. İklimlendirme aşaması ise 4 haftalık bir maksimum sağ kalma oranı (% 95) ile başarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma ilk defa Trakya’da yayılış gösteren yünlü yüksükotunun kardenolit içeriğinin belirlenmesi ve seçili popülasyonlardan sürgün-ucu kültürünün in vitro koşullarda gerçekleştirilmesini rapor etmektedir

Yield and composition of essential oil of lemongrass in different drying and fragmentation conditions

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2018-12-06T14:04:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa - 2005.pdf: 54727 bytes, checksum: 86de248ec9b9623f5b541f70785fb9c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira ([email protected]) on 2018-12-06T14:21:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa - 2005.pdf: 54727 bytes, checksum: 86de248ec9b9623f5b541f70785fb9c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-06T14:21:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa - 2005.pdf: 54727 bytes, checksum: 86de248ec9b9623f5b541f70785fb9c4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12Este estudo foi conduzido com objetivo de determinar o tipo de secagem e a fragmentação das folhas de capim-limão para otimizar o rendimento extrativo do óleo essencial. Foram estabelecidos 6 tratamentos com 2 tipos de secagem (estufa de ventilação forçada a 40ºC e sala com desumidificador) e 3 tamanhos de fragmentos das folhas secas (pulverização em moinho, fragmentos com 1 e com 20 cm de comprimento), com 4 repetições. O óleo essencial foi extraído por hidrodestilação durante 2 horas. O maior rendimento de óleo essencial foi obtido com o material seco na sala com desumidificador, não havendo diferenças significativas para os tamanhos da folha. O componente mais abundante no óleo essencial foi o citral que também apresentou as maiores concentrações nas folhas secas em desumidificador.In this study the drying and fragmentation conditions of lemongrass leaves were determined, to increase the essential oil yield. Four replications of six treatments were studied with 2 drying methodologies (oven-drying at 40ºC and room temperature using moisture dryer) and 3 fragmentation sizes (powder obtained in mill, 1 cm and 20 cm fragments). The essential oil was extracted in Clevenger’s modified apparatus during 2 hours. The higher essential oil yield and citral content was obtained with the leaves dried under room temperature using moisture dryer, with no significant differences in the fragmentation sizes