Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Follicular Thyroid Tumors

US-guided fine needle aspiration cytology is currently the best diagnostic tool for thyroid nodules. The aim of this research was to make a detailed and objective determination of the morphological characteristics of cells in cytological smears in an attempt to distinguish benign from malignant follicular tumors. The research included 62 patients with cytologically diagnosed follicular or oncocytic tumors, and 15 patients with nodular hyperplasia. Echographic findings were divided into three groups: isoechogenic, hypoechogenic and hyperechogenic nodules. We analyzed the cellularity of the smear, cohesion between follicular cells, acinar formations, bare nuclei, characteristics of the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and the presence of colloid. The statistical analysis of cytological parameters has indicated that none of the cytological parameters alone is discriminating enough between non-tumor and tumor changes, or benign and malignant follicular thyroid nodules. The analysis of age, sex, nodule size and ultrasound findings has not shown the correlation between any of these parameters with the malignant or benign follicular tumors. The cytological analysis of the smears for patients with follicular tumors, in combination with clinical data and other diagnostic methods, contributes to more precise diagnostics, but is not sufficient for the differentiation between benign and malignant follicular tumors

IS A EUROPEAN POLITICAL NATION A REAL POSSIBILITY?

U radu autorica tematizira pitanje mogućnosti ‘stvaranja’ europskoga političkog naroda te se bavi problematikom izgradnje europskoga političkog identiteta i europske političke zajednice. U prvom, teorijskom dijelu rada, definiraju se dva različita pojma naroda – demos i etnos – i upućuje na probleme izgradnje identiteta na isključivo političkim osnovama naroda kao demosa. Rad daje pregled referencija na europski politički narod u pravnim temeljima EU-a i dolazi do spoznaje da je legitimacija Unije dualne, a referentne točke identiteta Unije univerzalne naravi. U drugom, empirijskom dijelu rada, autorica prikazuje formiranje europskoga identiteta vezano za prethodno izvedenu klasičnu distinkciju između ‘građanskoga’ i ‘etničkoga’ identiteta. Budući da ispitivanja Eurobarometra pokazuju nisku razinu europske identifikacije državljana zemalja članica EU-a, autorica upućuje na neke koncepcije kojima se to pokušava prevladati. U završnom dijelu rada autorica razmatra pitanje je li postojanje europskoga političkog naroda nužno za budućnost europske integracije kroz prikaz različitih teorijskih pristupa mogućnosti ‘izgradnje’ europskoga političkog naroda, istodobno i teorija legitimacije EU-a: ekonomski/tržišni pristup, komunitaristički/državni pristup, Habermasov ‘ustavni patriotizam’, Weilerove ‘multiple demoi’ i pluralizam/ partikularizam.In this paper the author analyses the possibility of ‘creating’ a European political people and forming a European political identity and a European political community. In the first, theoretical part of the paper, the author defines two concepts of people – demos and ethnos – and describes problems in identity building on purely political grounds of people as demos. By examining the references on a European political people in the EU legal foundations, the author illustrates dual premises of legitimacy for the Union and the Union’s identity referents which are generally of a universalist nature. In the second, empirical part of the paper, the author presents how the European identity is formed, in line with classic distinction between ‘civic’ and ‘ethnic’ identity. Since the Eurobarometer survey showed a low level of European identification of EU member states’ citizens, the author presents concepts which aim to overcome the low level of European afiliation. In the final part of the paper the question which is examined is whether the existence of a European political people is necessary for the future of the European integration. To this end, the author uses various theoretical approaches to the ‘creation’ of a European political people: economic/market approach, communitarian/ statist approach, ‘constitutional patriotism’ of Habermas, Weiler’s ‘multiple demoi’ and pluralism/particularism

Granular Cell Tumor – Clinically Presented as Lymphadenopathy

Granular cell tumors are relatively uncommon benign lesions occurring in almost any part of the body. We report the cytological diagnosis of granular cell tumor in 25-year-old male patient who presented with an inguinal mass clinically suspected to be a lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration revealed polygonal cells with abundant, granular cytoplasm and eccentrically located vesicular nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The histopathological examination of the surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis. If resection is complete, local surgical excision is curative for benign granular cell tumors. Granular cell tumor has a characteristic cytological appearance, and fine-needle aspiration cytology has been suggested to be diagnostic modality of choice

Granular Cell Tumor – Clinically Presented as Lymphadenopathy

Granular cell tumors are relatively uncommon benign lesions occurring in almost any part of the body. We report the cytological diagnosis of granular cell tumor in 25-year-old male patient who presented with an inguinal mass clinically suspected to be a lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration revealed polygonal cells with abundant, granular cytoplasm and eccentrically located vesicular nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. The histopathological examination of the surgical excision confirmed the diagnosis. If resection is complete, local surgical excision is curative for benign granular cell tumors. Granular cell tumor has a characteristic cytological appearance, and fine-needle aspiration cytology has been suggested to be diagnostic modality of choice

HeI Photoelectron Spectra of o,o’-Bridged Biphenyls by 2-X-Propylene (X = O, S, SO, NCH3) Chains

Hel photoelectron (PE) spectra of 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-di-benzo[c,e]oxepine (1), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thie-pine (2), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thiepine-S-oxide(3), 1,6,11-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine (4), and 5,11-di-methyl-4,5,6,10,11,12-hexahydro-5,11-diaza-dibenzo[ef,kl]heptalene (5) have been measured. The low energy region of the spectra has been analyzed using semiempirical PM3, AM1 and MNDO SCF MO calculations (assuming the validity of Koopmans’ theorem (Physica 1 (1934) 104) as well as empirical arguments (Franck-Condon (FC) envelopes) and correlation with PE spectra of similar molecules. Their electronic structure might be responsible for their Chemical properties

Current Organisation of Clinical Cytology in Croatia

Current cytological service in Croatia is organised in 46 cytological organisational units in 23 towns with total of 350 employees: 101 specialists of clinical cytology, 20 residents in clinical cytology, 141 cytotechnologists (cytoscreeners), 45 health technicians, and 25 administrators and 18 auxiliary personnel. In spite of employment of significant number of cytotechnologists in the last ten years, there is still an unacceptable ratio of number of cytologists and cytotechnologists (1:1.4) which is the result of unresolved education of cytotechnologists which should be permanent, complete and acknowledged. Education and scientific promotion of cytologists is continuous and today our profession has 31 masters of science and 9 doctors of science, one of which is the assistant professor, and four of them are associate or full professors at medical schools in Zagreb and Osijek. Croatian cytology, in average, is in its »best years«, i.e. an average cytologist is 46 years old and cytotechnologist is averagely 43 years old, but »suffers« from personnel deficit. With regard to the type of activity, the most numerous are units dealing the entire diagnostic cytology (72%), 13% general cytology without gynaecological cytology, while 15% are engaged in one diagnostic field (gynaecological, pulmological or thyroid cytology). According to accessible data, total of 770996 cytological examinations were done in Croatia in 2008. The increasing application of additional methods (cytochemical, immunocytochemical, molecular, cytogenetics and computer-assisted image analysis) has become a trend in numerous cytological units. Exclusively morphological analysis of standard stained samples is performed in 37% of units, morphological and cytochemical staining methods are used in 17% of units, and additional immunocytochemical methods in 30% of units. According to the long tradition of cytology in Croatia, that has progressed thanks to the enthusiasm and great effort of our teachers, we believe that the following generations of cytologists will continue working on its improvement and will be able to concord the basic cytomorphology and sophisticated diagnostic procedures with other diagnostics, to stay the field of optimal results in the shortest time with the reasonable price

POSTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDERS (PTSD) FROM DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES: A TRANSDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

Background: Psychotraumatization continues to be a pervasive aspect of life in the 21st century all over the world so we should better understand psychological trauma and PTSD for the sake of prevention and healing. Method: We have made an overview of available literature on PTSD to identify explanatory models, hypotheses and theories. Results: In this paper we describe our transdisciplinary multiperspective integrative model of PTSD based on the seven perspective explanatory approach, on the fifth discipline, the art and practice of the learning organization as well as on the method of multiple working hypotheses.Trauma vulnerability, strengths, resilience and posttraumatic growth are key concepts that enable an integration of the distinct perspectives into a coherent transdisciplinary multiperspective explanatory and treatment model of PTSD. Conclusion: PTSD is a complex highly disabling and suffering disorder where the past is always present in people haunted by the dread frozen in memory of the traumatic events. However, PTSD also represents an oportunity for psychological and spiritual growth due to the human ability to adapt and thrive despite experiencing adversity and tough times

Attitudes of Teachers of Rural and Urban Primary Schools Towards Inclusion

Stavovi, uverenja i mišljenja nastavnika prema inkluzivnom obrazovanju dece sa smetnjama u razvoju u velikoj meri utiču na proces i ishod inkluzije. U mnogim studijama i istraživanjima kod nastavnika i drugog školskog osoblja utvrđeno je da nisu dovoljno informisani i edukovani o deci sa smetnjama u razvoju, da ne ispoljavaju interes za dodatno obrazovanje za rad sa ovom decom, prilagođavanje okruženja u školi i da i dalje postoje negativna mišljenja i stavovi prema inkluzivnom obrazovanju i uključivanju dece sa smetnjama u razvoju u redovnu školu. Faktori koji utiču na stavove nastavnika prema inkluziji uključuju pol, starost, obrazovni nivo, prethodno iskustvo u radu sa učenicima sa smetnjama u razvoju, brojnost odeljenja, stepen invalidnosti, percipirani nivo sopstvene samoefikasnosti, vrstu dobijene podrške. Imajući u vidu da su navedeni faktori ispitivani u velikom broju istraživanja cilj našeg istraživanja je bio da utvrdimo stavove kod nastavnika iz seoskih i gradskih škola prema obrazovanju dece sa smetnjama u razvoju u redovnoj školi.10. mednarodna conferenca EDUvision 2020 Izzivi in nove priložnosti poučevanja na daljav

HeI Photoelectron Spectra of o,o’-Bridged Biphenyls by 2-X-Propylene (X = O, S, SO, NCH3) Chains

Hel photoelectron (PE) spectra of 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-di-benzo[c,e]oxepine (1), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thie-pine (2), 1,11-dimethyl-5,7-dihydro-dibenzo[c,e]thiepine-S-oxide(3), 1,6,11-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azepine (4), and 5,11-di-methyl-4,5,6,10,11,12-hexahydro-5,11-diaza-dibenzo[ef,kl]heptalene (5) have been measured. The low energy region of the spectra has been analyzed using semiempirical PM3, AM1 and MNDO SCF MO calculations (assuming the validity of Koopmans’ theorem (Physica 1 (1934) 104) as well as empirical arguments (Franck-Condon (FC) envelopes) and correlation with PE spectra of similar molecules. Their electronic structure might be responsible for their Chemical properties

Factors Associated with Road Traffic Injuries and Their Severity: A Prospective Cohort Study

Road traffic injuries cause considerable losses to individuals, their families, and to nations as a whole. Factors related to road traffic injuries and to the severity of such injuries have not been fully elucidated or evaluated. The aim of this study was to explore factors related to road traffic injuries and their severity in cohort of 200 road traffic accident (RTA) survivors from Eastern Croatia. Sustaining injury was associated with rural residence (p=0.032), lower education level (p=0.001), unemployment (p=0.001), being single (p=0.014), under average self-assessed economic status (p=0.001), alcohol abstinence (p=0.018), use of medications (p=0.031), self-assessed life-threat (p<0.001), pain after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization duration (p<0.001), surgery (p=0.048), rehabilitation following the RTA (p=0.001) and PTSD symptoms (p=0.001). Injury severity was associated with lower education level (p=0.013), unemployment (p=0.004), being single (p=0.017), under average self-assessed economic status (p<0.001), alcohol abstinence (p=0.042), use of medications (p=0.014), self-assessed life-threat (p<0.001), pain after the RTA (p<0.001), being a pedestrian or a cyclist (p=0.011), hospitalization after the RTA (p<0.001), hospitalization duration (p<0.001), surgery (p<0.001), rehabilitation following the RTA (p=0.001), depression (p<0.001) and PTSD symptoms (p<0.001). In order to more adequately prevent road traffic injuries knowledge about factors associated with such injuries and their severity should be base for the creation of specific prevention programs at regional and national level