Sinteza konjugata fenoprofena i gemfibrozila s kopolimerom stirena i maleinske kiseline

Two types of polymer-drug conjugates were synthesized starting from styrene-maleic acid anhydride copolymer (SMA). Fenoprofen and gemfibrozil were chosen as model drugs because of their short plasma half lives. Both drugs were first converted to their 2-aminoethylamides, which possess free amino groups capable of reacting with SMA anhydride rings. By modifying the degree and type of substitution, lipophilic and hydrophilic conjugates were obtained. Drug loading in the conjugates was between 17 and 47%.U radu je opisana sinteza polimer-lijek konjugata polazeći od kopolimera stirena i anhidrida maleinske kiseline (SMA) i fenoprofena, odnosno gemfibrozila, ljekovitih tvari s kratkim vremenom zadržavanja u plazmi. Fenoprofen i gemfibrozil su prvo prevedeni u 2-aminoetilamide, koji su zbog slobodne amino skupine mogli reagirati s anhidridnim prstenovima u SMA. Modifikacijom tipa i vrste supstitucije pripravljeni su lipofilni i hidrofilni konjugati. Udio vezanog lijeka u konjugatima bio je između 17 and 47%

RELIABILITY OF THE BICAUDATE PARAMETER IN THE REVEALING OF THE ENLARGED LATERAL VENTRICLES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS

Introduction: In schizophrenia patients the lateral ventricle enlargement has mostly been reported in relationship with smaller cortical and/or subcortical brain volumes; and it has been observed that ventricular system growth may be a consequence of the smaller caudate nucleus volume. Bicaudate parameters have been used in the Alzheimer dementia and Huntington’s chorea diagnosing in order to evaluate brain changes and the enlargement of the lateral ventricles. Subjects and methods: This study has been carried out on 140 patients out of which 70 patients (30 men and 40 women) who met the ICD 10 criteria for schizophrenia and 70 healthy controls (30 men and 40 women) matched on sex and age with the studied group. All of them underwent direct caudatometry and volume computation based on MRI scans. Results: Except for the bicorporal line, for all the parameters were obtained the statistically highly significant differences between the examined and control groups. Significant correlation was established for the majority of bicaudate parameters and volumes of the caudate nuclei and lateral ventricles. Discussion: Enlargement of the lateral ventricles is one of the most frequent MRI finding in schizophrenia patients. Ventricles are enlarging gradually and frontal horns are more affected than other parts. The increased volumes of the caudate nuclei signalized that ventricular enlargement is not the consequence of the caudate atrophy. Conclusion: Bicaudate parameters are reliable parameters for the quick orientation in order to assess the enlarged ventricles in schizophrenia patients

Mogućnosti unapređenja konkurentnosti malih poljoprivrednih proizvođača kroz stvaranje mašinskih prstenova

Small farms play a significant role in agricultural production, employment and creating on the attractiveness of rural areas. However, in the future small farms would face big challenges. Therefore the changes and adjustments of the farms would take place. This paper deals with possibility of competitiveness improvement by creating machinery rings. Research shows that in some regions in Serbia there are already informal association in machinery sharing. Creation appropriate business environment and institutional support would be of crucial importance for the further development of machinery rings.Mali poljoprivredni proizvođači u Srbiji imaju značajnu ulogu u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, samozapošljavanju i stvaranju opšteg ambijenta u ruralnim sredinama. U budućnosti će male privatne farme biti suočene sa značajnim izazovima, što će nametati neophodnost promena i prilagođavanja. Zbog toga je u radu analizirana mogućnost povećanja konkurentnosti kroz stvaranje mašinskih prstenova. Na osnovu istraživanja u izabranim okruzima Srbije može se zaključiti da neformalno udruživanje u formi mašinskih prstenova već delimično postoji. Za budući razvoj mašinskih prstenova ključno je stvaranje odgovarajućeg ambijenta i početne institucionalne podrške

A first update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

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An unusual origin of the double left testicular artery in a male cadaver: a case report

Abstract Introduction Variations in the number and course of the testicular arteries, often coexisting with variations of the other branches arising from the abdominal aorta, are still reported to be of interest to urology surgeons. Case presentation During a routine dissection course, an unusual origin of the double left testicular artery was observed in the cadaver of a 68-year-old Caucasian man who donated his body to the Institute of Anatomy. Conclusions A deeper understanding of the variations of the testicular arteries is necessary for all physicians whose practice is related to the testicles and their vascular stalk.</p

Anatomical Brain Changes and Cognitive Abilities in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive complete or partial collapse of the upper airway and reduction of airflow during sleep. It is associated with significantly increased daytime muscle sympathetic nerve activity thought to result from the repetitive intermittent periods of hypoxemia during sleep and brain alterations that are likely to result. Different brain regions are affected by subsequent hypoxia/anoxia. Neurodegenerative processes result in measurable atrophy of cortical gray matter in the temporal lobes and posterior cingulate cortex, as well as in subcortical structures such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus. This study involved a group of firstly diagnosed, therapy-naive, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients, out of which 144 (96 males and 48 females), aged 34–57 (mean 47.88 ± 6.07), satisfied the recruiting criteria for the study and control groups. All the patients underwent MRI scanning, polysomnography testing, and cognitive evaluation. Cognitively, worse results were obtained in the group with OSA (p<0.05) and NAFLD (p=0.047). A significant decrease in volumes of cortical and subcortical structures was revealed (p<0.001). In conclusion, brain deterioration followed by cognitive impairment is, most likely, the result of intermittent hypoxia and anoxia episodes that initiate the domino process of deteriorating biochemical reactions in the brain