776 research outputs found
Pharmacogenetics of analgesic drugs
• Individual variability in pain perception and differences in the efficacy of analgesic drugs are complex phenomena and are partly genetically predetermined. • Analgesics act in various ways on the peripheral and central pain pathways and are regarded as one of the most valuable but equally dangerous groups of medications. • While pharmacokinetic properties of drugs, metabolism in particular, have been scrutinised by genotype–phenotype correlation studies, the clinical significance of inherited variants in genes governing pharmacodynamics of analgesics remains largely unexplored (apart from the µ-opioid receptor). • Lack of replication of the findings from one study to another makes meaningful personalised analgesic regime still a distant future. • This narrative review will focus on findings related to pharmacogenetics of commonly used analgesic medications and highlight authors’ views on future clinical implications of pharmacogenetics in the context of pharmacological treatment of chronic pain
Antidepressant prescribing for adult people with an intellectual disability living in England.
The prescribing of psychotropic medications for people with an intellectual disability has changed. In many locations across England, antidepressants have become the most widely prescribed psychotropic. In the context of the current NHS England STOMP programme to reduce inappropriate psychotropic prescribing for people with intellectual disability, there is an urgent need to understand whether this change reflects evidence-based use of the medications involved. There has been little analysis into the benefits or problems associated with the change and whether it is of concern. This paper offers a variety of possible explanations and opportunities to improve clinical practice and policy
A novel method for the injection and manipulation of magnetic charge states in nanostructures
Realising the promise of next-generation magnetic nanotechnologies is
contingent on the development of novel methods for controlling magnetic states
at the nanoscale. There is currently demand for simple and flexible techniques
to access exotic magnetisation states without convoluted fabrication and
application processes. 360 degree domain walls (metastable twists in
magnetisation separating two domains with parallel magnetisation) are one such
state, which is currently of great interest in data storage and magnonics.
Here, we demonstrate a straightforward and powerful process whereby a moving
magnetic charge, provided experimentally by a magnetic force microscope tip,
can write and manipulate magnetic charge states in ferromagnetic nanowires. The
method is applicable to a wide range of nanowire architectures with
considerable benefits over existing techniques. We confirm the method's
efficacy via the injection and spatial manipulation of 360 degree domain walls
in Py and Co nanowires. Experimental results are supported by micromagnetic
simulations of the tip-nanowire interaction.Comment: in Scientific Reports (2016
High field magneto-transport in high mobility gated InSb/InAlSb quantum well heterostructures
We present high field magneto-transport data from a range of 30nm wide
InSb/InAlSb quantum wells. The low temperature carrier mobility of the samples
studied ranged from 18.4 to 39.5 m2V-1s-1 with carrier densities between
1.5x1015 and 3.28x1015 m-2. Room temperature mobilities are reported in excess
of 6 m2V-1s-1. It is found that the Landau level broadening decreases with
carrier density and beating patterns are observed in the magnetoresistance with
non-zero node amplitudes in samples with the narrowest broadening despite the
presence of a large g-factor. The beating is attributed to Rashba splitting
phenomenon and Rashba coupling parameters are extracted from the difference in
spin populations for a range of samples and gate biases. The influence of
Landau level broadening and spin-dependent scattering rates on the observation
of beating in the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations is investigated by simulations
of the magnetoconductance. Data with non-zero beat node amplitudes are
accompanied by asymmetric peaks in the Fourier transform, which are
successfully reproduced by introducing a spin-dependent broadening in the
simulations. It is found that the low-energy (majority) spin up state suffers
more scattering than the high-energy (minority) spin down state and that the
absence of beating patterns in the majority of (lower density) samples can be
attributed to the same effect when the magnitude of the level broadening is
large
CVD of CrO2: towards a lower temperature deposition process
We report on the synthesis of highly oriented a-axis CrO2 films onto (0001)
sapphire by atmospheric pressure CVD from CrO3 precursor, at growth
temperatures down to 330 degree Celsius, i.e. close to 70 degrees lower than in
published data for the same chemical system. The films keep the high quality
magnetic behaviour as those deposited at higher temperature, which can be
looked as a promising result in view of their use with thermally sensitive
materials, e.g. narrow band gap semiconductors.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Spin polarized transport current in n-type co-doped ZnO thin films measured by Andreev spectroscopy
We use point contact Andreev reflection measurements to determine the spin
polarization of the transport current in pulse laser deposited thin films of
ZnO with 1% Al and with and without 2%Mn. Only films with Mn are ferromagnetic
and show spin polarization of the transport current of up to 55 0.5% at
4.2 K, in sharp contrast to measurements of the nonmagnetic films without Mn
where the polarization is consistent with zero. Our results imply strongly that
ferromagnetism in these Al doped ZnO films requires the presence of Mn.Comment: Published versio
Three-nucleon mechanisms in photoreactions
The C reaction has been measured for
E=150-800 MeV in the first study of this reaction in a target
heavier than He. The experimental data are compared to a microscopic many
body calculation. The model, which predicts that the largest contribution to
the reaction arises from final state interactions following an initial pion
production process, overestimates the measured cross sections and there are
strong indications that the overestimate arises in this two-step process. The
selection of suitable kinematic conditions strongly suppresses this two-step
contribution leaving cross sections in which up to half the yield is predicted
to arise from the absorption of the photon on three interacting nucleons and
which agree with the model. The results indicate measurements on
nuclei may be a valuable tool for obtaining information on the nuclear
three-body interaction.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
From Vertices to Vortices in magnetic nanoislands
Recent studies in magnetic nanolithography show that a variety of complex
magnetic states emerge as a function of a single magnetic island's aspect
ratio. We propose a model which, in addition to fitting experiments, predicts
magnetic states with continuous symmetry at particular aspect ratios and
reveals a duality between vortex and vertex states. Our model then opens new
means of engineering novel types of artificial spin systems, and their
application to complex magnetic textures in devices and computing.Comment: 3 pages + epsilon + 18 supplementary materia
- …