Size Doesn't Matter: Towards a More Inclusive Philosophy of Biology

notes: As the primary author, O’Malley drafted the paper, and gathered and analysed data (scientific papers and talks). Conceptual analysis was conducted by both authors.publication-status: Publishedtypes: ArticlePhilosophers of biology, along with everyone else, generally perceive life to fall into two broad categories, the microbes and macrobes, and then pay most of their attention to the latter. ‘Macrobe’ is the word we propose for larger life forms, and we use it as part of an argument for microbial equality. We suggest that taking more notice of microbes – the dominant life form on the planet, both now and throughout evolutionary history – will transform some of the philosophy of biology’s standard ideas on ontology, evolution, taxonomy and biodiversity. We set out a number of recent developments in microbiology – including biofilm formation, chemotaxis, quorum sensing and gene transfer – that highlight microbial capacities for cooperation and communication and break down conventional thinking that microbes are solely or primarily single-celled organisms. These insights also bring new perspectives to the levels of selection debate, as well as to discussions of the evolution and nature of multicellularity, and to neo-Darwinian understandings of evolutionary mechanisms. We show how these revisions lead to further complications for microbial classification and the philosophies of systematics and biodiversity. Incorporating microbial insights into the philosophy of biology will challenge many of its assumptions, but also give greater scope and depth to its investigations

Optimization of test‐access architectures and test scheduling for 3D ICs

This chapter presents a method for robust optimization of 3D test architecture and test scheduling in the presence of input parameter variations. It lists examples of uncertainties in input parameters for 3D test architecture optimization and test scheduling. The chapter then formulates an integer linear programming (ILP) model for robust optimization of 3D test architecture. A recent work has formulated a mathematical model for robust optimization of 3D test architecture and test scheduling and proposed a heuristic based on simulated annealing in order to solve the robust optimization problem for realistic 3D‐ICs. This chapter presents simulation results to evaluate the proposed heuristic method for robust optimization. The framework is implemented in C++. The chapter demonstrates the effect of robust optimization using a simple example. It also shows simulation results obtained with publicly available benchmarks

RECENT DYNAMIC MEASUREMENTS AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR AERODYNAMIC MODELING OF FIGHTER AIRPLANE CONFIGURATIONS

As airplane designs have trended toward the expansion of flight envelopes into the high angle of attack and high angular rate regimes, concerns regarding modeling the complex unsteady aerodynamics for simulation have arisen. Most current modeling methods still rely on traditional body axis damping coefficients that are measured using techniques which were intended for relatively benign flight conditions. This paper presents recent wind tunnel results obtained during largeamplitude pitch, roll and yaw testing of several fighter airplane configurations. A review of the similitude requirements for applying sub-scale test results to fullscale conditions is presented. Data is then shown to be a strong function of Strouhal number- both the traditional damping terms, but also the associated static stability terms. Additionally, large effects of sideslip are seen in the damping parameter that should be included in simulation math models. Finally, an example of the inclusion of frequency effects on the data in a simulation is shown. Nomenclature b wing span c mean aerodynamic chord Cl rolling moment coefficient Clβ static lateral stability derivative Clp body axis roll damping derivative Clr rolling moment due to yaw rate derivative ClΩ stability axis roll damping derivativ