Produção de melão em Vertissolo cultivado com adubos verdes em dois sistemas de manejo de solo.

Uma prática de manejo que vem sendo desenvolvida no cultivo de melão é a utilização de coquetéis vegetais, na forma de adubação verde. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar a produção de fitomassa, a ciclagem e o acúmulo de carbono e nutrientes por coquetéis vegetais e verificar o efeito dos mesmos na produção de melão em um Vertissolo. O experimento foi instalado em Juazeiro-BA. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x2, com três sistemas de culturas intercalares e dois sistemas de preparo e três repetições. Foram avaliados a fitomassa seca e teores de carbono e nutrientes dos adubos verdes e a produção e qualidade do melão. O coquetel vegetal com predominância de gramíneas e oleaginosas produziu maior quantidade de fitomassa seca e consequentemente acumulou maiores quantidades de carbono e nutrientes. A produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos do meloeiro não foram alteradas em função da adubação verde e do sistema de manejo de solo

Efeito da adubação verde nos teores de matéria orgânica e fósforo em Vertissolo cultivado com meloeiro irrigado no Semiárido.

O uso dos coquetéis vegetais se tornou uma prática viável de manejo de solo no Semiárido tendo como benefícios acúmulo de matéria orgânica e ciclagem de nutrientes. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo monitorar as alterações nos teores de MO e P após o segundo ano de cultivo do melão em sucessão a coquetéis vegetais e vegetação espontânea com e sem revolvimento do solo. O experimento foi instalado em área de agricultor, localizado no Projeto Mandacaru, Juazeiro-BA, em março de 2011. O solo do local é classificado como Vertissolo Haplico Ortico salino. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três sistemas de culturas intercalares (sem coquetel vegetal, coquetel vegetal 1 e coquetel vegetal 2) e dois sistemas de preparo (com revolvimento e sem revolvimento). Após a colheita foi realizada a amostragem do solo nas profundidades 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Foram determinados os teores de MO e P. Dois ciclos de coquetéis vegetais e o revolvimento do solo não alteram significativamente o teor de matéria orgânica e fosforo quando comparados a presença de vegetação espontânea

On Hastings' counterexamples to the minimum output entropy additivity conjecture

Hastings recently reported a randomized construction of channels violating the minimum output entropy additivity conjecture. Here we revisit his argument, presenting a simplified proof. In particular, we do not resort to the exact probability distribution of the Schmidt coefficients of a random bipartite pure state, as in the original proof, but rather derive the necessary large deviation bounds by a concentration of measure argument. Furthermore, we prove non-additivity for the overwhelming majority of channels consisting of a Haar random isometry followed by partial trace over the environment, for an environment dimension much bigger than the output dimension. This makes Hastings' original reasoning clearer and extends the class of channels for which additivity can be shown to be violated.Comment: 17 pages + 1 lin

Correcting the spectroscopic surface gravity using transits and asteroseismology. No significant effect on temperatures or metallicities with ARES+MOOG in LTE

Precise stellar parameters are crucial for several reasons, amongst which are the precise characterization of orbiting exoplanets and the correct determination of galactic chemical evolution. The atmospheric parameters are extremely important because all the other stellar parameters depend on them. Using our standard equivalent-width method on high-resolution spectroscopy, good precision can be obtained for the derived effective temperature and metallicity. The surface gravity, however, is usually not well constrained with spectroscopy. We use two different samples of FGK dwarfs to study the effect of the stellar surface gravity on the precise spectroscopic determination of the other atmospheric parameters. Furthermore, we present a straightforward formula for correcting the spectroscopic surface gravities derived by our method and with our linelists. Our spectroscopic analysis is based on Kurucz models in LTE, performed with the MOOG code to derive the atmospheric parameters. The surface gravity was either left free or fixed to a predetermined value. The latter is either obtained through a photometric transit light curve or derived using asteroseismology. We find first that, despite some minor trends, the effective temperatures and metallicities for FGK dwarfs derived with the described method and linelists are, in most cases, only affected within the errorbars by using different values for the surface gravity, even for very large differences in surface gravity, so they can be trusted. The temperatures derived with a fixed surface gravity continue to be compatible within 1 sigma with the accurate results of the InfraRed Flux Method (IRFM), as is the case for the unconstrained temperatures. Secondly, we find that the spectroscopic surface gravity can easily be corrected to a more accurate value using a linear function with the effective temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&

Faithful Squashed Entanglement

Squashed entanglement is a measure for the entanglement of bipartite quantum states. In this paper we present a lower bound for squashed entanglement in terms of a distance to the set of separable states. This implies that squashed entanglement is faithful, that is, strictly positive if and only if the state is entangled. We derive the bound on squashed entanglement from a bound on quantum conditional mutual information, which is used to define squashed entanglement and corresponds to the amount by which strong subadditivity of von Neumann entropy fails to be saturated. Our result therefore sheds light on the structure of states that almost satisfy strong subadditivity with equality. The proof is based on two recent results from quantum information theory: the operational interpretation of the quantum mutual information as the optimal rate for state redistribution and the interpretation of the regularised relative entropy of entanglement as an error exponent in hypothesis testing. The distance to the set of separable states is measured by the one-way LOCC norm, an operationally-motivated norm giving the optimal probability of distinguishing two bipartite quantum states, each shared by two parties, using any protocol formed by local quantum operations and one-directional classical communication between the parties. A similar result for the Frobenius or Euclidean norm follows immediately. The result has two applications in complexity theory. The first is a quasipolynomial-time algorithm solving the weak membership problem for the set of separable states in one-way LOCC or Euclidean norm. The second concerns quantum Merlin-Arthur games. Here we show that multiple provers are not more powerful than a single prover when the verifier is restricted to one-way LOCC operations thereby providing a new characterisation of the complexity class QMA.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Due to an error in the published version, claims have been weakened from the LOCC norm to the one-way LOCC nor

Carbon stock change due to land use in argisols on pernambucano-brazillan semiarid

Carbon stored in soils depends on the type of vegetation and management applied. Native vegetation removed for the installation of pastures and grassland affects carbon stocks in the soil.Argisols are one the most used type of soils in agriculture, due its excellent physical and chemical characteristics. Asses carbon stored in these soils under different land uses and understand the dynamics of the C element in ecosystems is important. In this study we examined four types of vegetation cover in three sites on interior of Pernambuco state in Brazil. Trenches of 0.7 x 0.7 m with 0.4 m deep were open and soil samples were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm layers to determine carbon content and soil density. Carbon concentrations were determined by dry combustion using a CHN elemental analyzer (CN TruSpec LECO® 2006, St. Joseph, USA). Land use change altered carbon stocks in soil, dense caatinga presented higher stocks than open caatinga, grassland and agriculture. In the 0-10 cm layer expressed biggest difference in C stocks in different vegetation cover

Entanglement as a quantum order parameter

We show that the quantum order parameters (QOP) associated with the transitions between a normal conductor and a superconductor in the BCS and eta-pairing models and between a Mott-insulator and a superfluid in the Bose-Hubbard model are directly related to the amount of entanglement existent in the ground state of each system. This gives a physical meaningful interpretation to these QOP, which shows the intrinsically quantum nature of the phase transitions considered.Comment: 5 pages. No figures. Revised version. References adde

A reversible theory of entanglement and its relation to the second law

We consider the manipulation of multipartite entangled states in the limit of many copies under quantum operations that asymptotically cannot generate entanglement. As announced in [Brandao and Plenio, Nature Physics 4, 8 (2008)], and in stark contrast to the manipulation of entanglement under local operations and classical communication, the entanglement shared by two or more parties can be reversibly interconverted in this setting. The unique entanglement measure is identified as the regularized relative entropy of entanglement, which is shown to be equal to a regularized and smoothed version of the logarithmic robustness of entanglement. Here we give a rigorous proof of this result, which is fundamentally based on a certain recent extension of quantum Stein's Lemma proved in [Brandao and Plenio, Commun. Math. 295, 791 (2010)], giving the best measurement strategy for discriminating several copies of an entangled state from an arbitrary sequence of non-entangled states, with an optimal distinguishability rate equal to the regularized relative entropy of entanglement. We moreover analyse the connection of our approach to axiomatic formulations of the second law of thermodynamics.Comment: 21 pages. revised versio

A two-step factorial design for optimization of protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal after ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients

Rapeseed meal is a by-product of oil production with relatively high antinutrient content which limits its application in both feed and food industries. A two-step procedure, including two-level full factorial and central composite designs, was used to assess the influence of five factors namely pH (6 and 12), temperature (20 and 40 degrees C), NaCl concentration (0 and 7.5%), rapeseed meal concentration (2.5 and 5%), and extraction longevity (15 and 60 min) on protein extraction from industrial rapeseed meal subjected to ethanol-assisted reduction of antinutrients. Data demonstrated that pH and its interaction with NaCl influenced protein extractability the most. While still significant, individual effects of NaCl, extraction longevity, temperature and its interaction with pH had a less significant effect on protein yield. Overall. higher protein yields were obtained in response to combining high pH values with low NaCl concentrations, and high pH values with high temperatures. The highest protein yield (59.56 +/- 1.29%) was achieved after extraction of 5% ethanol-treated rapeseed meal at pH 12 with no NaCl addition, at 40 degrees C and extraction longevity of 60 min. A second-order polynomial model for protein yield prediction was generated. The adequacy of the model was verified by coefficient of determination and residual analyses. A high correlation between experimentally obtained and predicted protein yields (R-2 = 0.95) was established. Since extraction conditions are strong determinants of protein characteristics, the predictive model generated in the present work is useful for the selection of factor combinations, which allows for the achievement of optimal protein yield of a product with desired techno-functional properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio