Effect of heat processing on the profiles of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in butter oil

Sman or traditional butter oil (TBO) is known to be rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA). Meanwhile, published information about trans fatty acids (TFAs) content in TBO remains unexplored. Therefore, a comparison of the fatty acid (FA) composition of traditional butter (TB) and (TBO) with emphasis on geometric and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was undertaken. Both TB and TBO accounted for a high level of SFA with significant high content in TBO (p < 0.05). Total TFAs in TBO were more than twice the content in TB (8.23% vs. 3.85%, respectively, p < 0.01). An increase by 1.81 and 2.9 times was observed for trans monounsaturated FAs and trans polyunsaturated FAs in TBO compared to TB, respectively. Vaccenic acid (VA), the predominant TFA in both TB and TBO, was increased by 100% in TBO (p < 0.001). Trans-linoleic acid isomers were 1.84-fold higher in TBO than in TB. The contribution that CLA made to the total FA was increased by 1.48-fold for TBO. In general, it was found that TBO contains high levels of TFAs and CLA. Thus, TBO represents a mixture of FAs with different configurations from natural and technological origins, having potential conflicting effects on human health.Keywords: Trans-fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, butter oilAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(21), pp. 3333-334

The intake of high fat diet with different trans fatty acid levels differentially induces oxidative stress and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Trans</it>-fatty acids (TFA) are known as a risk factor for coronary artery diseases, insulin resistance and obesity accompanied by systemic inflammation, the features of metabolic syndrome. Little is known about the effects on the liver induced by lipids and also few studies are focused on the effect of foods rich in TFAs on hepatic functions and oxidative stress. This study investigates whether high-fat diets with different TFA levels induce oxidative stress and liver dysfunction in rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups (n = 12/group): C receiving standard-chow; Experimental groups that were fed high-fat diet included 20% fresh soybean oil diet (FSO), 20% oxidized soybean oil diet (OSO) and 20% margarine diet (MG). Each group was kept on the treatment for 4 weeks.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A liver damage was observed in rats fed with high-fat diet via increase of liver lipid peroxidation and decreased hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase). The intake of oxidized oil led to higher levels of lipid peroxidation and a lower concentration of plasma antioxidants in comparison to rats fed with FSO. The higher inflammatory response in the liver was induced by MG diet. Liver histopathology from OSO and MG groups showed respectively moderate to severe cytoplasm vacuolation, hypatocyte hypertrophy, hepatocyte ballooning, and necroinflammation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It seems that a strong relationship exists between the consumption of TFA in the oxidized oils and lipid peroxidation and non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The extent of the peroxidative events in liver was also different depending on the fat source suggesting that feeding margarine with higher TFA levels may represent a direct source of oxidative stress for the organism. The present study provides evidence for a direct effect of TFA on NAFLD.</p

Antioxidant Activity of the Leaf Volatile Oil and Extracts of Olea europaea L.cv. Chetoui from Northern Tunisia

This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and the in vitro antioxidant activity of the volatile oil and the extracts (polar and non-polar sub-fractions) of the methanol extract of Olea europea L. (cv) chetoui. GC and GC–MS analyses of the volatile oil from the dried leaves of the variety chetoui resulted in the identification of 32 compounds, representing 92.1% of the oil; alcohols (39.5%), aldehydes (19.1%) and ketones (12.2%) were the main groups of volatiles in the studied cultivar, comprising 70.8% of the total oil. Antioxidant activities of the samples were determined by the test system namely DPPH. The weakest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the volatile oil (49.92%). Antioxidant activity of the non-polar sub-fraction of methanol extract was superior to the all samples tested with an inhibition of the free radical DPPH value of 64.31%. Total phenolic content of the polar and non-polar sub-fractions was 65.35 and 69.17 mg/100 g DW, respectively. In fact, the results showed no significant differences in the levels of polyphenols between sub-fractions of the methanol extract of Olea europea L. Furthermore, the amount of the total orthodiphenols was highest in the non-polar sub-fraction (219.66 mg /100 g DW). A positive correlation was observed between the antioxidant activity potential and total flavonoids content of the extracts

Discrimination of some tunisian olive oil varieties according to their oxidative stability, volatiles compounds and chemometric analysis

Oxidation stability is a key property of olive oil quality and is affected by different antioxidant compounds whose levels may be influenced by several factors such as cultivar and place of production. Polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, fatty acids levels and some volatiles were correlated to oxidative stability in olive oils in five samples studied. Total polyphenols and saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids (and/or oleic to linoleic acid ratio) ratio were shown to be the major parameters in oil antioxidant stability, according to analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The hexanal/E-2-hexenal ratio is a very important indicator of the freshness of the oils and can estimate their oxidation degre

Organic–Inorganic Manganese (II) Halide Hybrid Combining the Two Isomers Cis/Trans of [MnCl₄(H₂O)₂]: Crystal Structure, Physical Properties, Pharmacokinetics and Biological Evaluation

A manganese (II) complex templated by hexahydro-1,4-diazepinediium as a counter ion was grown by slow evaporation from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the compound (C5H14N2)[MnCl4(H2O)2] crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P2/c of the monoclinic system. The crystal structure of the Mn(II) complex is characterized by an alternation of 0-dimensional organic and inorganic stacks linked together by N/O-H…Cl and N-H…O hydrogen bonds, which lead to a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. In this structure, the inorganic layer is built up by independent anionic moieties combining the two isomers cis/trans of [MnCl4(H2O)2]2−. The thermal decomposition was studied by TGA-DTA techniques. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc’s equation. The direct and indirect band gap values are found to be 4.58 and 4.44 eV, respectively. Weak antiferromagnetic interactions are present in the molecule under study, according to magnetic measurements. An agar well diffusion technique was used to assess the synthetic compound’s biological activity, and the results showed that it has potent antibacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) properties. Interestingly, the synthesized compound also displayed antilipase activity. These biological activities have been confirmed by the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic analyses

Organic&ndash;Inorganic Manganese (II) Halide Hybrid Combining the Two Isomers Cis/Trans of [MnCl4(H2O)2]: Crystal Structure, Physical Properties, Pharmacokinetics and Biological Evaluation

A manganese (II) complex templated by hexahydro-1,4-diazepinediium as a counter ion was grown by slow evaporation from an aqueous solution at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the compound (C5H14N2)[MnCl4(H2O)2] crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P2/c of the monoclinic system. The crystal structure of the Mn(II) complex is characterized by an alternation of 0-dimensional organic and inorganic stacks linked together by N/O-H&hellip;Cl and N-H&hellip;O hydrogen bonds, which lead to a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. In this structure, the inorganic layer is built up by independent anionic moieties combining the two isomers cis/trans of [MnCl4(H2O)2]2&minus;. The thermal decomposition was studied by TGA-DTA techniques. The optical band gap and Urbach energy were obtained by Tauc&rsquo;s equation. The direct and indirect band gap values are found to be 4.58 and 4.44 eV, respectively. Weak antiferromagnetic interactions are present in the molecule under study, according to magnetic measurements. An agar well diffusion technique was used to assess the synthetic compound&rsquo;s biological activity, and the results showed that it has potent antibacterial (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) properties. Interestingly, the synthesized compound also displayed antilipase activity. These biological activities have been confirmed by the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic analyses

Effect of three irrigation regimes on Arbequina olive oil produced under Tunisian growing conditions

This study investigated the effect of irrigation amount on the concentration of phenolic compounds in olive (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) oil obtained from an intensively-managed orchard in a semi-arid area with a Mediterranean climate in Tunisia. Different irrigation treatments 50% Etc, 75% Etc and 100% Etc were applied to the olive orchard. Oil quality, evaluated using the parameters established to determine the quality level of virgin olive oils (acidity, K232, K270 and peroxide index) was slightly affected by irrigation. However, results showed that irrigation positively affected both fruit and oil quality. In fact, the least irrigation regime (T1), showed a significantly higher content of oleic acid (70.08%), whereas olive oils from more irrigated trees (T2 and T3) had higher contents of palmitic acid (11.64% and 13.14%, respectively) and lower of linoleic acid (approximately 12.7%). However, content of phenolic compounds (hydrophilic and lypophilic), in the oils extracted, strongly differed. In fact, different irrigation regimes applied not only affected the total amount of phenols which were proportional to irrigation (193.2 and 271.87mgkg-1 for T1 and T3, respectively) except for T2 but also their HPLC profiles. Contrarily to phenols, insignificant differences were observed in the concentration of [alpha]-tocopherol between the irrigation treatments studied.Fatty acids Virgin olive oil Phenols Pigments [alpha]-Tocopherol Sensory analysis Irrigation

Chitosan-Based Gastric Dressing Materials Loaded with Pomegranate Peel as Bioactive Agents: Pharmacokinetics and Effects on Experimentally Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rabbits

This study reported the fabrication and characterization of gastric dressing, composed of gelatine (GEL), chitosan (CH), and pomegranate peel (PP) extract. The structural changes occurring after &gamma;-irradiation of GEL&ndash;CH&ndash;PP dressing were reported. The results showed that the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of un-irradiated GEL&ndash;CH&ndash;PP showed two paramagnetic centers, which corresponded to g = 2.19 and g = 2.002. After irradiation, a new active centre appeared at g = 2.0035 at 10 kGy. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses revealed an increase in peak intensity at C&ndash;H chains, as well as the C=O carboxyl groups at 10 kGy, due to the cross-linking phenomenon. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed a low change of crystallinity between the range of 2&theta; (15&ndash;30&deg;). Moreover, &gamma;-rays enhanced scavenging DPPH radical activity (51&plusmn;%) and chelating power activities 79.12%. A significant inhibition of antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities (p &lt; 0.01) was noticed. The hemolysis rates showed 0.42%, suggesting a high hemocompatibility, and exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity in vitro (48%). In vivo, the healing effects of GEL&ndash;CH&ndash;PP dressing showed that the incidence and severity of gastric histopathological lesions decreased, compared with the ulcerated group, which could explain the bioavailability and the pharmacokinetic findings. The results highlight the loading of bioactive agents into polymer-based gastric dressings, with promising pharmacokinetics properties and effects on the induced ulcera in rabbits