212 research outputs found
Pulsed 86Sr-labeling and NanoSIMS imaging to study coral biomineralization at ultra-structural length scales
A method to label marine biocarbonates is developed based on a concentration enrichment of a minor stable isotope of a trace element that is a natural component of seawater, resulting in the formation of biocarbonate with corresponding isotopic enrichments. This biocarbonate is subsequently imaged with a NanoSIMS ion microprobe to visualize the locations of the isotopic marker on sub-micrometric length scales, permitting resolution of all ultra-structural details. In this study, a scleractinian coral, Pocillopora damicornis, was labeled 3 times with 86Sr-enhanced seawater for a period of 48h with 5days under normal seawater conditions separating each labeling event. Two non-specific cellular stress biomarkers, glutathione-S-transferase activity and porphyrin concentration plus carbonic anhydrase, an enzymatic marker involved in the physiology of carbonate biomineralization, as well as unchanged levels of zooxanthellae photosynthesis efficiency indicate that coral physiological processes are not affected by the 86Sr-enhancement. NanoSIMS images of the 86Sr/44Ca ratio in skeleton formed during the experiment allow for a determination of the average extension rate of the two major ultra-structural components of the coral skeleton: Rapid Accretion Deposits are found to form on average about 4.5 times faster than Thickening Deposits. The method opens up new horizons in the study of biocarbonate formation because it holds the potential to observe growth of calcareous structures such as skeletons, shells, tests, spines formed by a wide range of organisms under essentially unperturbed physiological condition
28 – Caractéristiques des sous-types moléculaires en cancérologie mammaire dans une population de l’ouest algérien
29 – Surexpression de l’oncoprotéine HER2 en pathologie mammaire dans une population de l’ouest algérien
38. Carcinomes mammaires invasifs du sous-type luminal dans une population de l’Ouest algérien
Plant Genetic Resources and Germplasm Use in India
Plant genetic resource (PGR) scientists now recognize the
importance of shifting from a singular focus on conservation to a focus on
both conservation and utilization of germplasm in order to meet future
challenges. This paper analyzes the patterns of distribution of pearl millet,
six small millets, chickpea and pigeonpea germplasm over the last 10 years
at the two major genebanks functioning in India: the National Genebank at
the National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) and a Consultative
Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Genebank at the
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), as
well as the patterns of use of germplasm by millet breeders in India. Between
the years of 1999-2009, ICRISAT distributed approximately 48 per cent of all
its collections to breeders in India whereas NBPGR distributed 36 per cent
of their collection. A total of 20 responses (30 per cent of surveys sent) were
collected through this study. Sixty-five percent of respondents said that they
rarely (<50 per cent of the time) use germplasm from genebanks in their
breeding programs. It is important that both genebanks look into several
issues in order to improve levels of distribution and utilization, collection,
duplication, engagement of the private sector, access to information, and
pre-breeding
Exchange of plant genetic resources: Prospects in India
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources has the major responsibility of introducing genetic resources and distributing the same to various research Institutes/organizations within the country. It is involved in enrichment of plant genetic resources through germplasm exchange, procurement and collection from centres of diversity suitable for different agro-climatic conditions. Different biotic and abiotic stresses are the major production constraints in many crops, hence, introduction of crops from the centre of diversity is much needed to bring into superior seeds of various crops with high yield, quality, resistance to pest and diseases and tolerant to abiotic stresses through crop improvements programmes. Future emphasis is to introduce specific genotypes with special characters especially like high quality lines and lines resistant to various biotic and abiotic stresses. During the past five years 211 298 accessions including 467 995 samples of seed/planting material were introduced from 103 countries. Out of theses 116 149 accessions having 138 352 samples were germplasm while 58 024 entries having 329 704 samples were trials/nurseries entries and 1 139 wild species of different agri-horticultural crops were also introduced. During this period a total of 78 298 accessions were exported as per norms/regulation lay down by NBA and with permission of ICAR/DARE, for research purposes only. NBPGR has supplied 50 657 samples of various crops to national users in different institutes/organizations across the country for various crop improvement and breeding programmes
Pulsed 86Sr-labeling and NanoSIMS imaging to study coral biomineralization at ultra-structural length scales
A method to label marine biocarbonates is developed based on a concentration enrichment of a minor stable isotope of a trace element that is a natural component of seawater, resulting in the formation of biocarbonate with corresponding isotopic enrichments. This biocarbonate is subsequently imaged with a NanoSIMS ion microprobe to visualize the locations of the isotopic marker on sub-micrometric length scales, permitting resolution of all ultra-structural details. In this study, a scleractinian coral, Pocillopora damicornis, was labeled 3 times with Sr-86-enhanced seawater for a period of 48 h with 5 days under normal seawater conditions separating each labeling event. Two non-specific cellular stress biomarkers, glutathione-S-transferase activity and porphyrin concentration plus carbonic anhydrase, an enzymatic marker involved in the physiology of carbonate biomineralization, as well as unchanged levels of zooxanthellae photosynthesis efficiency indicate that coral physiological processes are not affected by the Sr-86-enhancement. NanoSIMS images of the Sr-86/Ca-44 ratio in skeleton formed during the experiment allow for a determination of the average extension rate of the two major ultra-structural components of the coral skeleton: Rapid Accretion Deposits are found to form on average about 4.5 times faster than Thickening Deposits. The method opens up new horizons in the study of biocarbonate formation because it holds the potential to observe growth of calcareous structures such as skeletons, shells, tests, spines formed by a wide range of organisms under essentially unperturbed physiological conditions
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