Heat Transfer Analysis of Lance Skulling in Top Blown Oxygen Steelmaking converters

The lance used for blowing oxygen in top blown oxygen steelmaking converters (BOF) is water-cooled. Deposition of metal on the lance surface results in an increase in the diameter and mass of the lance. If the deposition (skulling) is excessive, it may cause severe operational difficulties in taking out the lance from the vessel after the blow is over. The temperature difference of inlet and exit cooling water circulating inside the lance is a direct measure of the condition of the lance. An iterative calculation procedure using a computer program has been developed, for the case of a lance used in a 100T vessel, to study the effect of solidification of molten metal (skulling) on the lance body on the exit water temperatures. For the first time, the effect of radiation from hot spots has been taken into account and it turns out to be the most significant factor in heat transfer

Ulcerative Squamous Eyelid Papilloma: A Rare Presentation

Purpose: To highlight the importance of histopathological evaluation of a lid mass to prognosticate the disease. We report a case of ulcerative squamous cell papilloma with clinical features suggesting malignancy. Case report: A 65-year-old man presented with a rapidly enlarging mass in the left upper eyelid, with clinical features suggesting a squamous cell carcinoma. However, a repeat histopathological examination showed no malignant cells. The patient was diagnosed with squamous cell papilloma. He was followed-up for 30 months and no recurrence was observed. No such case has previously been reported in the literature. Conclusion: This report highlights the need for histopathological examination of all eyelid lesions to enable surgeons to prognosticate the disease

Aspects of Thermodynamics of Deoxidation of Molten Steel with Mn and A1

Employing data from different sources, variations in the relationship between dissolved oxygen and dissolved element for deoxiation by Al, Si and Mn have been asse-ssed. Thermodynamic calculations have been performed for simultaneous deoxidation by Al+Si and Mn have been perf-ormed for simultaneous deoxidation by Ai+Si+Mn and equil-ibrium compositions of the metal have been determined for various compositions of the metal have been determined for various compositions of slag consisting of MnO, SiO2 and Al203. Some calculated values have been compared with those reported in literature

Species specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for identification of pig (Sus domesticus) meat

A highly specific single step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described for the detection of pig (Sus  domesticus) meat. A PCR assay was successfully optimized for amplification of 629 and 322-bp DNA fragment extracted from pig meat using designed species-specific primer pairs based on mitochondrial D-loop and 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene, respectively. The optimized PCR assay was subsequently validated for its specificity with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extracted from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pig. PCR amplification of target DNA with pig-specific primers was repeated 15 times, with consistent results  observed. The specificity of pig-specific PCR provides a valuable tool for identification of pig meat and to avoid its fraudulent substitution and adulteration.Key words: Pig meat, adulteration, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mitochondrial D-Loop, 12S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene

Efficacy of Flaxseed Flour as Bind Enhancing Agent on the Quality of Extended Restructured Mutton Chops

Consumers have become very conscious about their nutrition and well being due to changes in their socio-economic lifestyle and rapid urbanization. Therefore, development of technology for production of low cost and functional meat products is urgently required. One such approach is innovative restructuring technology in which binding of meat pieces still remains the main challenge and extension of product is generally associated with poor binding and texture. Thus, the present study was envisaged as an attempt to solve this problem by the incorporation of flaxseed flour (FF) as bind enhancing agent. The FF was used at three different levels viz., 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% to replace lean meat in pre-standardized restructured mutton chops formulation. The products were subjected to analysis for physico-chemical, sensory and textural properties. Cooking yield, moisture percentage and fat percentage increased with increase in the level of incorporation of FF, however, protein percent and pH decreased with increase in the level of incorporation. Shear force value of product incorporated with 1.5% FF was significantly higher (p<0.01) than control and product containing 0.5% FF level. Among the sensory attributes, product with 1% flaxseed flour showed significantly higher values (p<0.05) for general appearance, binding, texture and overall acceptability. Hardness showed significant increasing (p<0.01) values with increasing levels of incorporation of flaxseed flour, however all other parameters of texture profile analysis showed a decreasing trend. On the basis of sensory scores and physico-chemical properties, the optimum incorporation level of FF was adjudged as 1%. Products incorporated with optimum level of flaxseed flour (1%) were also assessed for water activity and microbiological quality during the storage period of 15 days. It was found that the extended restructured product could be safely stored under refrigeration (4°C±1°C) in low density polyethylene (LDPE) pouches for 15 days without marked deterioration in sensory and microbiological quality. Thus, it was concluded that flaxseed flour can be used as a good bind enhancing agent in extended restructured meat products at an economic cost

Multicomponent Mixed-Transport-Control Theory for Kinetics of Coupled Slag/Metal and Slag/Metal/Gas Reactions: Application to Desulphurization of Molten Iron

A general kinetic model, which can be applied to metals and slags containing any number of components reacting to form any specified compounds of known stability, is outlined for oxides and sulphides. The equations evaluate the interfacial oxygen and sulphur potentials which are consistent with the equilibria and flux-density equations