Immune cellular networks underlying recovery from influenza virus infection in acute hospitalized patients

How innate and adaptive immune responses work in concert to resolve influenza disease is yet to be fully investigated in one single study. Here, we utilize longitudinal samples from patients hospitalized with acute influenza to understand these immune responses. We report the dynamics of 18 important immune parameters, related to clinical, genetic and virological factors, in influenza patients across different severity levels. Influenza disease correlates with increases in IL-6/IL-8/MIP-1α/β cytokines and lower antibody responses. Robust activation of circulating T follicular helper cells correlates with peak antibody-secreting cells and influenza heamaglutinin-specific memory B-cell numbers, which phenotypically differs from vaccination-induced B-cell responses. Numbers of influenza-specific CD8+ or CD4+ T cells increase early in disease and retain an activated phenotype during patient recovery. We report the characterisation of immune cellular networks underlying recovery from influenza infection which are highly relevant to other infectious diseases

Study - The Artistry of Utilizing Videos to Promote Professional Competencies in Education Across Disciplines: A Systematic Literature Review

Video recordings of instructional situations are frequently used to support the professional development of teaching staff, for example, school teachers (Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015). Videos offer a lot of possibilities for the training of teaching staff, as they depict exemplary situations of a professional context, they can be viewed multiple times and analyzed in detail (Syring et al., 2015). Videos are used in different fields of teaching staff training: in teacher education and professional development for school teachers (e.g., Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015; Sherin & van Es, 2005), as well as in the training of teaching staff in adult education (Goeze et al., 2014; Goeze, 2016). While reviews have summarized the use of classroom video in school teacher education and professional development (e.g., Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015; Seidel & Thiel, 2017), there is no systematic investigation comparing how videos of instructional situations are used in the different fields of teaching staff training. For this reason, this systematic literature review aims to summarize and update the current state of research on the use of instructional videos in the two areas: in the training of teaching staff in schools, and in the training of teaching staff in adult education. In this study, we systematically sort the research landscape on the use of videos for training purposes in education across disciplines