Pub. Emps.’ Ret. Sys. of Nev., a Pub. Agency v. Nev. Pol’y Res. Inst. Inc., 134 Nev. Adv. Op. 81 (Oct. 18, 2018) (en banc)

The Court determined that the Nevada Public Records Act requires the government agency to disclose the requested information if: (1) it can be found by searching a database for existing information, (2) it is readily accessible and not confidential, and (3) the alleged risks of disclosure do not outweigh the benefits of the public’s interest in the records

Comparative Study of U.S. and E.U. Experiences With Policies on Immigration Controls

The year 2015 marked a colossal change in how the world views immigration. The migration crisis of Europe and the emergence of President Donald Trump continue to have lasting impacts. Major political, demographic, and social conflicts are playing out in the U.S. and Europe over migration. In the U.S., President Trump has been able to enact anti-immigration sentiment into policy. Contrary to that, in Europe, the 28 member states of the European Union have failed to come up with a clear, unifying plan to deal with the migration crisis. The consequences of migration will be harsher and less manageable in Europe than in the United States for a number of reasons. How Europe handles the migration issue along with other issues will have an impact on the United States and its security alliance. In addition, how the United States and Europe handle foreign policy issues will depend greatly on cooperation and support from one another as both face internal challenges. This paper demonstrates how immigration affects national security, public perceptions, and policies within the European Union and the United States

Ephemeroptera Culturing Methods: Development of Culturing and Rearing Methodology and High Sulfate Simulated Mine Effluent Toxicity Test Using Field Collected Water

Ephemeroptera taxa are not frequently used in toxicity testing; however, some mayfly taxa may be more sensitive to aquatic pollutants than standard test organisms used to determine anthropogenic effects on aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, some standard test organisms are not native to the Appalachian region and may not be truly reflective of the effects on native organisms. With mayflies not being the typical test organism, there is not a great deal of literature on culturing methods for this organism. For a standard acute toxicity test, there must be 80% survival within the control organisms for the test to be considered viable. On that account, culture methods for rearing larval mayflies to emergence, collecting viable eggs, and rearing them to hatch have been developed in the Marshall University Lab. Further development of the methods in order to conduct native mayfly toxicity testing is dependent on a suitable food source being established for cultured mayfly nymphs. The objectives of this study were to investigate adequate feed treatments that will lead to a minimum of 80% survival in the first 48 hours for future acute toxicity testing, the optimal food source for chronic toxicity testing, and for long[1]term survival in laboratory culturing. Evaluations utilizing a variety of laboratory cultured diets given to individual nymphs in separate chambers were conducted. Mortality rate was used to narrow food types to the ones yielding the best results for further testing. Success is evidenced by 80% survival in the first 48 hours, growth and development of the nymphs, and long-term survival. Two of the four feeding treatments provided over 80% survival of newly hatched mayfly nymphs in 48 hours. One feeding treatment provided over 50% survival over 7 days. For long term survival, only 1 of the treatments, laboratory cultured Navicula sp. and leaf disks supported survival over the length of the 36-day study. Once an adequate food source was confirmed, toxicity testing was conducted using the optimal food source for ideal organism fitness. Furthermore, traditional toxicity testing uses reconstituted laboratory water as a base for the dilution series, which is not representative of natural conditions. Therefore, field collected water from Mash Fork, the same stream where mayflies were collected, was used as a base for the dilution series. A preliminary acute toxicity test was run on High Sulfate Simulated Mine Effluent, using the field collected water and the optimal food source. The results did not generate a statistically significant LC50; however, the 100% concentration (~2,400 µS/cm) resulted in ~50% mortality. Therefore, further rounds of testing should include a higher concentration or use organisms of ideal fitness and generate a statistically valid LC50

From Caution to College: The Effects on Veterans with Self- Reported Trauma Symptoms Sharing their Experiences with the Campus Community

Over 900,000 veterans are using benefits for higher education today; the vast majority of them served in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). Over 25% of GWOT service members that have been treated by the Veterans Affairs (VA) are reported to have symptoms of posttraumatic stress or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTS/PTSD). PTS/PTSD negatively impacts student veterans’ abilities to navigate stressful environments such as college and university settings. The Veterans Embracing Transition (VET) Connect Program at San José State University (SJSU) is designed to connect veterans with non-veterans as peer educators. Five of the 13 VET Connect peer educators (38.5%) who were interviewed reported having symptoms of PTSD. Through their service as peer educators on and off campus, these participants demonstrated signs of healthy coping effects through sharing experiences and educating non-veterans of the struggles related to military culture, service, combat, and loss. This study was conducted in collaboration with Sophia Alcala. We worked on independent research questions and observations using data derived from the same larger study simultaneously under the supervision of Dr. Klaw

An Educational Intervention on the Role of Perioperative Troponin Monitoring in Adult Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery

Background: Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery is considered a common perioperative complication associated with increased morbidity and mortality following surgery. Patients who sustain MINS are predominantly asymptomatic and do not meet the conventional definition and diagnostic criteria for myocardial infarction (MI). This presents a challenge in identifying patients with MINS without proper surveillance and monitoring in place. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to improve anesthesia provider knowledge on the value of perioperative troponin monitoring in identifying myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery. A literature review including primary research studies addresses the PICO question: “In patients older than 45 years of age with cardiovascular risk factors, does routine perioperative troponin monitoring vs. monitoring traditional subjective symptoms indicative of postoperative myocardial ischemia improve identification of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery?” The literature review is used to provide the educational framework to improve provider knowledge. The overall objective is to increase awareness with the intention of improving healthcare outcomes for surgical patients. Methodology: The primary methodology of the proposed project is to administer an online educational intervention to providers which focuses on the benefits of perioperative troponin monitoring in the early identification of MINS. Pre- and post-assessment surveys will be used to measure improvement of provider knowledge before and after the intervention. Results: Overall, there was an improvement in provider knowledge following the education intervention. Additionally, the likelihood of utilizing perioperative troponin monitoring increased among providers. Conclusions: Currently, troponin monitoring is not standard practice in high-risk patients undergoing major noncardiac surgery. The educational intervention provided was effective in improving anesthesia provider knowledge of MINS and the likelihood of utilizing perioperative troponin monitoring. Increasing awareness of myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery and the role of serial troponin monitoring can reduce mortality and improve postoperative outcomes

An Education Module for the Use of a 5cc Syringe for the Inflation of Endotracheal Tube Cuffs: A Quality Improvement Project

This quality improvement project aimed to assess anesthesia providers\u27 knowledge of proper endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff inflation and the consequences of inappropriate cuff pressures. Additionally, it aims to educate providers on the benefits of using a 5cc syringe to inflate ETT cuffs. Anesthesia providers receiving this education module will be solely Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNAs). The project will involve three parts: a pre-test survey, an educational PowerPoint presentation, and a post-test survey. Pre and post-test surveys will be used to measure the outcomes of the educational intervention. Anesthesia provider education on using a 5cc syringe instead of other modalities is expected to lead to ETT cuff pressures within acceptable ranges. As a result, fewer adverse effects due to cuff overinflation are expected to follow

Translational regulation contributes to the elevated CO2 response in two Solanum species.

Understanding the impact of elevated CO2 (eCO2 ) in global agriculture is important given climate change projections. Breeding climate-resilient crops depends on genetic variation within naturally varying populations. The effect of genetic variation in response to eCO2 is poorly understood, especially in crop species. We describe the different ways in which Solanum lycopersicum and its wild relative S. pennellii respond to eCO2 , from cell anatomy, to the transcriptome, and metabolome. We further validate the importance of translational regulation as a potential mechanism for plants to adaptively respond to rising levels of atmospheric CO2