Nonlinear Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer

Please cite as follows: Makinde, O. D., Moitsheki, R. J., Jana, R. N., Bradshaw-Hajek, B. H. & Khan, W. A. 2014. Nonlinear fluid flow and heat transfer. Advances in Mathematical Physics, 2014:1-2 (Article ID 719102), doi:10.1155/2014/719102.The original publication is available at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ampNo abstract.http://www.hindawi.com/journals/amp/2014/719102/Publisher's versio

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Extensional flow at low Reynolds number with surface tension

The extensional flow and break-up of fluids has long interested many authors. A slender viscous fluid drop falling under gravity from beneath a horizontal surface is examined. After reviewing previous work which has neglected surface tension, a one-dimensional model which describes the evolution of such a drop, beginning with a prescribed initial drop shape and including the effects of gravity and surface tension, is investigated. Inertial effects are ignored due to the high viscosity of the fluid. Particular attention is paid to the boundary condition near the bottom of the drop where the one-dimensional approximation is no longer valid. The evolving shape of the drop is calculated up to a crisis time at which the cross-sectional area at some location goes to zero. Results are compared with those obtained when surface tension is neglected. Near to the crisis time, as the Reynolds number increases and inertia becomes non-negligible, the model assumptions are invalid so that the model does not describe actual pinch-off of a fluid drop.Y. M. Stokes, B. H. Bradshaw-Hajek and E. O. Tuc