Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Prognostic model to predict postoperative acute kidney injury in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery based on a national prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Acute illness, existing co-morbidities and surgical stress response can all contribute to postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. The aim of this study was prospectively to develop a pragmatic prognostic model to stratify patients according to risk of developing AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: This prospective multicentre cohort study included consecutive adults undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection, liver resection or stoma reversal in 2-week blocks over a continuous 3-month period. The primary outcome was the rate of AKI within 7 days of surgery. Bootstrap stability was used to select clinically plausible risk factors into the model. Internal model validation was carried out by bootstrap validation. Results: A total of 4544 patients were included across 173 centres in the UK and Ireland. The overall rate of AKI was 14·2 per cent (646 of 4544) and the 30-day mortality rate was 1·8 per cent (84 of 4544). Stage 1 AKI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (unadjusted odds ratio 7·61, 95 per cent c.i. 4·49 to 12·90; P < 0·001), with increasing odds of death with each AKI stage. Six variables were selected for inclusion in the prognostic model: age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker. Internal validation demonstrated good model discrimination (c-statistic 0·65). Discussion: Following major gastrointestinal surgery, AKI occurred in one in seven patients. This preoperative prognostic model identified patients at high risk of postoperative AKI. Validation in an independent data set is required to ensure generalizability

Oxford lectures on poetry,

"First edition, May 1909. Second edition, November 1990. Reprinted ... 1920."Poetry for poetry's sake.--The sublime.--Hegel's theory of tragedy.--Wordsworth.--Shelley's view of poetry.--The long poem in the age of Wordsworth.--The letters of Keats.--The rejection of Fal-staff.--Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra.--Shakespeare the man.--Shakespeare's theatre and audience.Mode of access: Internet

Oxford lectures on poetry /

Includes bibliographical references.Poetry for poetry's sake -- The sublime -- Hegel's theory of tragedy -- Wordsworth -- Shelley's view of poetry -- The long poem in the age of Wordsworth -- The letters of Keats -- The rejection of Falstaff -- Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra -- Shakespeare the man -- Shakespeare's theatre and audience.Mode of access: Internet

New and old /

The "old" is the matter previously published in periodicals.Essays, a few poems, and reviews.Printed in Great Britain.Mode of access: Internet

Philosophical remains of Richard Lewis Nettleship.

"Originally issued in 1897 as vol. 1 of Mr. Nettleship's Philosophical lectures and remains."Biographical sketch.--Miscellaneous papers and extracts from letters.--Lectures on logic.--Plato's conception of goodness and the good.--Index.Mode of access: Internet

Prolegomena to ethics /

Mode of access: Internet

Prolegomena to ethics,

3d ed.Mode of access: Internet

Philosophical lectures and remains of Richard Lewis Nettleship /

v. 1. Biographical sketch. Miscellaneous papers and extracts from letters. Lectures on logic. Plato's conception of goodness and the good -- v. 2. Lectures on the Republic of Plato.Mode of access: Internet