Liver Transplantation: The End of the Road in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the number one cause of liver failure requiring liver transplant. This presentation reviews liver transplantation and other treatment options for chronic hepatitis C infection

Evaluation structures for machine learning models in geotechnical engineering

publishedVersio

Simulation of Synthesis Gas Production by Using a Plasma Reactor

There are multiple methods for producing synthesis gas and one of the most important of these methods is dry reforming in which two preparations of carbon dioxide and methane are converted into synthesis gas. Carbon dioxide as one of the destructive environmental factors and methane as the main component of natural gas exist in copious amounts in the world, especially in Iran, which has the second largest gas resources of the world after Russia. Therefore, the importance of this method is in converting pollutants into an intermediate substance known as synthesis gas which has considerable applications. In this study, first, synthesis gas production by using dry reforming with the use of plasma technology is studied and for this purpose, glow electric discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure with DC power supply was used. Feed flow rate and the distance between the electrodes were studied as the parameters. In addition, voltage effect on optimal conditions was studied as well. Next, by using fluent software, dynamic simulation of computational fluid of this system was performed which gives us velocity and pressure distributions in the system. For optimization of laboratory conditions, it was assumed that our system has two incoming paths instead of one and the results obtained from this assumption showed that this assumption increases the residence time of the material between the two electrodes which in turn increases the percentage of conversion

Transplanting HCV-Infected Kidneys into Uninfected Recipients

Goldberg and colleagues demonstrated that HCV-positive kidneys can be successfully used for transplantation in HCV-negative recipients. Likewise, the livers of many HCV-positive donors are of good quality and can be transplanted, with outcomes similar to those obtained with HCV-negative livers. In 2015, however, 11% of procured HCV-positive livers were discarded

Potential approaches to improve the outcomes of donation after cardiac death liver grafts

There is a growing discrepancy between the supply and demand of livers for transplantation resulting in high mortality rates on the waiting list. One of the options to decrease the mortality on the waiting list is to optimize organs with inferior quality that otherwise would be discarded. Livers from donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors are frequently discarded because they are exposed to additional warm ischemia time, and this might lead to primary-non-function, delayed graft function, or severe biliary complications. In order to maximize the usage of DCD livers several new preservation approaches have been proposed. Here, we will review 3 innovative organ preservation methods: (1) different ex vivo perfusion techniques; (2) persufflation with oxygen; and (3) addition of thrombolytic therapy. Improvement of the quality of DCD liver grafts could increase the pool of liver graft\u27s for transplantation, improve the outcomes, and decrease the mortality on the waiting list

Exquisite and Old Versions of Tazkerat al-Sho'ara in the Central Library of the University of Tehran (Dolatshah Samarkandi, written on 7 Rajab 893 AH)

Background and purpose: Tadzkirah Al-Shoðra is a general biographical memoir written in the biography of poets and writers of Iranian and Arab. There are many manuscripts of this book in Iran and the world, but the two manuscripts of the National Library and the manuscripts of the Library of Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad have the same date of the author. Experts believe the Mashhad version is the author's script. However, it seems the 15039 version of the National Library is the oldest because it script is graceful Nastaliq. Until now, there have studied various but few on Tazkira Al-Shaara. These studies are only one correction and a few short articles that the famous versions have not introduced. A copy of this book dated 7 Rajab 893 AH is available in the Central Library of the University of Tehran. This article aims to introduce this exquisite and old version and it compares with some other versions of Tadzkire in the same library. The edition 2468 of the Central Library of the University of Tehran was introduced for the first time and it is very important in terms of a research codicology because it is close to the time of its composition. Materials and methods: The study was based on a qualitative review and analysis of the writing and language of the Tazkira al-Sha'ar version with a library method. Findings: This article introduces and examines the linguistic structure, vocabulary, and writing style in the 2468 edition. The script of the manuscript and drawing of letters and words has written in the 9th century. The copy is complete and has no gaps and the authenticity and trustworthiness of the text have been preserved based on the oldest available text. It is a vocalized version and language acquisition is very low in this version. Dolatshah has defined and divided the poets based on their lifetime in the Tazkira. He has introduced some limited poets, and some have been described in detail. Conclusion: The text of the version is written almost identically. The drawing of letters and words throughout a copy is fixed and matured. The writing and content of this manuscript are very similar to the oldest version, which is probably the author's handwriting

Simulation of Synthesis Gas Production by Using a Plasma Reactor

There are multiple methods for producing synthesis gas and one of the most important of these methods is dry reforming in which two preparations of carbon dioxide and methane are converted into synthesis gas. Carbon dioxide as one of the destructive environmental factors and methane as the main component of natural gas exist in copious amounts in the world, especially in Iran, which has the second largest gas resources of the world after Russia. Therefore, the importance of this method is in converting pollutants into an intermediate substance known as synthesis gas which has considerable applications. In this study, first, synthesis gas production by using dry reforming with the use of plasma technology is studied and for this purpose, glow electric discharge plasma at atmospheric pressure with DC power supply was used. Feed flow rate and the distance between the electrodes were studied as the parameters. In addition, voltage effect on optimal conditions was studied as well. Next, by using fluent software, dynamic simulation of computational fluid of this system was performed which gives us velocity and pressure distributions in the system. For optimization of laboratory conditions, it was assumed that our system has two incoming paths instead of one and the results obtained from this assumption showed that this assumption increases the residence time of the material between the two electrodes which in turn increases the percentage of conversion

Catalytic and Non-catalytic Conversion of Methane to C2 Hydrocarbons in a Low Temperature Plasma

The direct conversion of methane to C2 hydrocarbons, in a quartz tube reactor enforced by a DC corona discharge, was investigated at atmospheric pressure. The process was carried out in the presence of metal oxide catalysts of Mn/W/SiO2, Mn/W/SiO2 (tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS), and Mn/W/CNT (supported on carbon nanotubes). The total yield to C2 hydrocarbons in the presence of metal oxide catalysts in plasma environment was in the order of Mn/W/SiO2> Mn/W/SiO2 / TEOS> Plasma only> Mn/W/CNT. The order changes to Mn/W/SiO2>Mn/W/CNT>Plasma only> Mn/W/SiO2/ TEOS, when the selectivity and yield of ethylene is considered. The highest yield to C2 hydrocarbons was 15.8%, which was obtained by using Mn/W/SiO2 in combination with gas discharge plasma without external heating; it was lower when the same feed composition was tested over this catalyst at 825 °C. The catalyst Na2WO4/Mn2O3/SiO2 –b1, which produces the least carbon oxides, gives rise to the highest production of higher hydrocarbons and ethylene. Catalysts Na2WO4/Mn2O3/SiO2 /TEOS-b2 and Na2WO4/Mn2O3/‍CNT-b3,due to their high selectivity toward carbon oxides, show low efficiency in producing more valuable hydrocarbons. </span

Bipolar Sealing Device Use in Pancreas Graft Preparation: A Novel Tieless Backtable Surgery Technique

We describe here for the first time the utilization of a bipolar electrosurgical device (BED) during the pancreas graft backtable procedure