aChE and BuChE inhibition by rivastigmin have no effect on peripheral insulin resistance in elderly patients with Alzheimer disease

ISIK, Ahmet Turan/0000-0001-5867-6503WOS: 000301189000005PubMed: 22323348Insulin resistance (IR) may play a role in most pathogenic processes that promote the development of Late Onset Alzheimer Disease (LOAD). This study was designed to determine the interaction between inhibition of both butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with rivastigmine and peripheral insulin resistance (IR) in LOAD. Seventy-Nine consecutive elderly patients, 31 late onset AD and 48 non-demented patients were evaluated. IR was calculated with HOMA. All of the patients were evaluated through comprehensive geriatric assessments at baseline and in the 6th and 12th months. End of the study, compared to the baseline values, there was a significant increase in the 6th month in both MMSE and IADL scores (t =2.200, p = 0.036 for MMSE and t =2.724, p= 0.011 for IADL, respectively). Rivastigmine was improved both the scores of MMSE and IADL in elderly patients with LOAD, but there was no significance or correlation between HOMA scores and cognitive status. in conclusion, inhibition of both BuChE and AChE with rivastigmine was improved the cognition without affecting on the peripheral IR in the elderly patients with LOAD by HOMA. Due to the complexity of disease pathogenesis, it is too early to make general comments, and further longitudinal and long-term studies on this issue are needed

Trospium and cognition in patients with Late Onset Alzheimer Disease

Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and antimuscarinic agents for the treatment of urge urinary incontinence (UUI) may reduce the potential effect of each other in the patients with both diseases. Trospium has a relatively low lipophilicity and low CNS penetration, and galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitors, has also allosterically modulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dual use of trospium and galantamine for 6 months in the elderly patients with AD and UUI

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND INCIDENTAL MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT, ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE AND VASCULAR DEMENTIA IN ELDERLY

Objective: To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline (CD) due to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Vascular Dementia (VaD). Design and setting: The subjects aged >= 65 years were recruited prospectively from the Geriatrics Clinic of Gulhane Medical School, between 2004 and 2008 years. Participants: 1302 patients were included in the study. Measurements: Cognitive status, clinical diagnosis of CD (MCI, AD, and VaD) and clinical and environmental risk factors were evaluated by comprehensive geriatric assesment. Finally, the subjects were categorized into two groups according to having CD or not. Results: 905 (69.5%) subjects were not having CD whereas 397 (30.5%) patients with CD. Of the patients with CD, 140 (10.4%) had MCI, 227 (16.9%) AD, and 30 (2.2%) VaD. After adjustment for confounding with a model for multiple regression analysis, age (OR=1.054; CI: 1.027-1.083; p<0.001) and family history of dementia (OR=1.662; CI: 1.038-2.660; p=0.034) were found to be independent risk factors for CD. Also, overweight (OR=0.594; CI: 0.370-0.952; p=0.03) and obese (OR=0.396; CI: 0.242-0.649; p<0.001), and high education level (OR=0.640; CI:0.451-0.908; p=0.012) were found to be independent protective factors for CD. Conclusions: We found the risk of CD decreases in overweight and obese elderly. The results indicate that the primary prevention should not only consider risk factors, but must also take anthropometric data into consideration in order to identify persons at high risk for CD

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance conferred by qnrS1 in Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolated from Turkish food of avian origin

Objectives: To study the molecular characteristics of the quinolone and associated ampicillin resistance mechanisms present in Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolated from Turkish foods

Use of pulsed-high hydrostatic pressure treatment to decrease patulin in apple juice

This study was aimed at reducing patulin content of apple juice using a non-thermal method, namely pulsed-high hydrostatic pressure (p-HHP). Commercially available clear apple juice was contaminated artificially with different concentrations of patulin (5, 50 and 100 ppb). Then, the samples were processed 5 min at different pressure treatments (300–500 MPa) in combination with different temperatures (30–50°C) and pulses (6 pulses × 50 s and 2 pulses × 150 s). To compare the impact of pulses, single pulse of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment was also applied with the same pressure/temperature combinations and holding time. Results indicated that pressure treatment in combination with mild heat and pulses reduced the levels of patulin in clear apple juice up to 62.11%. However, reduction rates did not follow a regular pattern. p-HHP was found to be more effective in low patulin concentrations, whereas HHP was more effective for high patulin concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using p-HHP to investigate the reduction of patulin content in apple juice