Sixth, seventh and eighth year students' knowledge levels about greenhouse effect, ozone layer and acid rain

The aim of this study is to investigate second stage primary school (6th, 7th and 8th year) students’ knowledge levels about three important environmental topics, namely, the greenhouse effect, the ozone layer and acid rain. The study was carried out with 204 6th, 7th and 8th year students (11-14 year olds) in Turkey. A 25- item scale developed by Khalid (1999) was used as a data collection instrument. The instrument was adapted to the Turkish language and culture, was validated and its reliability co-efficiency was determined. The results of the study showed that 6th, 7th and 8th year students have a very low level of knowledge about the greenhouse effect, the ozone layer and acid rain. The results of this study can be used by experts of environmental education to focus on starting the teaching of environmental topics – like greenhouse effect, ozone layer and acid rain – thoroughly from the primary school to develop more environmentally sensitive citizens.peer-reviewe

Reaktif Hemofagositik Sendrom ile Komplike Olan Plasmodium vivax Olgusu

Plasmodium vivax is the most common malaria agent in the world, transmitted by vectoring of anopheles mosquitoes. In the clinical course of the disease, non-specific signs of infection (fever, myalgia, joint pain, nausea, vomiting, etc.) can be seen. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; also known as hemophagocytic syndrome, is a rapid-onset and life-threatening clinical condition that develops as a result of uncontrolled immune activation and hypercytokinemia. In this case report, a case who developed hemophagocytic syndrome while under treatment for P.vivax infection was presented. A 37-year-old male patient applied to us with the complaints of high fever, chills-shivering and weakness, started on his return from Sudan. Upon admission, the fever was 40 degrees C, the pulse was rhythmic and 115/minute, the respiratory rate was 24/minute, and the blood pressure was 80/49 mmHg, and he was followed up in the intensive care unit due to the signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. During the investigation of the etiology of fever, it was learned that he did not receive prophylaxis for malaria during his stay in Sudan. Thin and thick blood smears were examined. P.vivax infection was detected in the patient and the treatment was initiated, a bone marrow aspiration biopsy was performed with the prediagnosis of hemophagocytic syndrome with persistent fever, deepening of thrombocytopenia, findings of hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and myeloid serial hemophagocytosis in the 48th hour of the treatment. In addition to antimalarial therapy, clinical and laboratory response was obtained with polyclonal intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy

Systematic assessment of complications after laparoscopic colorectal surgery for advanced colorectal cancer: A retrospective study using Clavien–Dindo classification, 5-year experience

AimThe presence and frequency of surgical complications indicate the quality of the surgery performed. However, a standard classification system should specify, describe, and compare complications. Clavien Dindo classification is an easily applicable classification in the evaluation of complications. Our study aimed to reveal the severity of complications and the factors affecting them by using the Clavien Dindo classification in patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery.MethodsBetween January 2015 and December 2020, we retrospectively collected the laparoscopic colorectal surgery complications using Clavien Dindo grading in patients in our colorectal surgery unit in the database. The outcome variables studied were age, gender, BMI, ASA score, postoperative length of hospital stay, operation procedure, cancer size, postoperative mortality.ResultsThere were 53 males and 17 female patients, with a mean age of 56,9±13,4.(19-81). Seventy patients, 32 (45%), had at least one postoperative complication. About complications; 58.6% were rated as Clavien I, 22.9% as Clavien II, 8.6% as Clavien IIIa, 4.3% as Clavien IIIb, 2.9% as Clavien IVa, and 2.9% as Clavien V. There was no Clavien grade IVb complication in any of the patients. Length of hospital stays was significantly higher in patients with had major complex surgery and had higher scores. Clavien Dindo classification was positively statistically significantly related to the day of hospitalization in male and female sex (p<0.001 for all). In addition, positively significantly related to Clavien Dindo classation and tumor diameter in the female sex (p=0.014) detected.ConclusionsIn laparoscopic colorectal surgery, the Clavien-Dindo classification can be easily applied and used safely to determine complication rates. The reason for this statistical difference that we detected in our study and that occurs in women may be due to anatomical differences or the surgeon’s experience