39 research outputs found
Oyster reef restoration fails to recoup global historic ecosystem losses despite substantial biodiversity gain
Human activities have led to degradation of ecosystems globally. The lost ecosystem functions and services accumulate from the time of disturbance to the full recovery of the ecosystem and can be quantified as a ârecovery debt,â providing a valuable tool to develop better restoration practices that accelerate recovery and limit losses. Here, we quantified the recovery of faunal biodiversity and abundance toward a predisturbed state following structural restoration of oyster habitats globally. We found that while restoration initiates a rapid increase in biodiversity and abundance of reef-associated species within 2 years, recovery rate then decreases substantially, leaving a global shortfall in recovery of 35% below a predisturbed state. While efficient restoration methods boost recovery and minimize recovery shortfalls, the time to full recovery is yet to be quantified. Therefore, potential future coastal development should weigh up not only the instantaneous damage to ecosystem functions but also the potential for generational loss of services
The benefits of bivalve reef restoration: a global synthesis of underrepresented species
This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordBivalve habitat restoration is growing in geographic extent and scale globally. While addressing the wideâscale loss of these biogenic habitats is still a key motivation behind restoration efforts, stakeholders and funders are increasingly drawn to shellfish restoration for the many ecosystem services these habitats provide.
There is clear evidence for the provision of ecosystem services from species targeted for restoration in the USA, in particular Crassostrea virginica. Ecosystem services, however, remain largely unquantified or even undescribed for the majority of other species targeted for restoration.
A structured review of the literature was undertaken and supplemented by expert knowledge to identify which ecosystem services are documented in the following other bivalve species targeted for restoration: Ostrea edulis, Ostrea angasi, Crassostrea rhizophorae, Perna canaliculus, Modiolus modiolus, Mytilus edulis, Mytilus platensis, Crassostrea gigas, Ostrea denselamellosa, Crassostrea ariakensis, and Crassostrea sikamea.
Key knowledge gaps in quantifying ecosystem services and the ecosystem engineering properties of habitatâbuilding bivalves contributing to the provision of ecosystem services were identified. Ecosystem services with the potential to be widely applicable across bivalve habitatâbuilding species were identified.
Though there is evidence that many of the ecosystem engineering properties that underpin the provision of ecosystem services are universal, the degree to which services are provided will vary between locations and species. Speciesâspecific, in situ, studies are needed in order to avoid the inappropriate transfer of the ecosystem service delivery between locations, and to further build support and understanding for these emerging targets of restoration.Glenmorangie DEEP projectHWU EGISEuropean Unionerman Federal Agency for Nature ConservationEuropean Union Horizon 202
Direct Interband Light Absorption in Strongly Prolated Ellipsoidal Quantum Dotsâ Ensemble
Within the framework of adiabatic approximation, the energy levels and direct interband light absorption in a strongly prolated ellipsoidal quantum dot are studied. Analytical expressions for the particle energy spectrum and absorption threshold frequencies in three regimes of quantization are obtained. Selection rules for quantum transitions are revealed. Absorption edge and absorption coefficient for three regimes of size quantization (SQ) are also considered. To facilitate the comparison of obtained results with the probable experimental data, size dispersion distribution of growing quantum dots by the small semiaxe in the regimes of strong and weak SQ by two experimentally realizing distribution functions have been taken into account. Distribution functions of LifshitsâSlezov and Gaussian have been considered
Expression of Pisum sativum defensin 1 (Psd1) in shaking flasks and bioreactor cultivations of recombinant Pichia pastoris at different pHs
Genome and Transcriptome Analysis of the Food-Yeast Candida utilis
The industrially important food-yeast Candida utilis is a Crabtree effect-negative yeast used to produce valuable chemicals and recombinant proteins. In the present study, we conducted whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of C. utilis, which showed that this yeast diverged long before the formation of the CUG and Saccharomyces/Kluyveromyces clades. In addition, we performed comparative genome and transcriptome analyses using next-generation sequencing, which resulted in the identification of genes important for characteristic phenotypes of C. utilis such as those involved in nitrate assimilation, in addition to the gene encoding the functional hexose transporter. We also found that an antisense transcript of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, which in silico analysis did not predict to be a functional gene, was transcribed in the stationary-phase, suggesting a novel system of repression of ethanol production. These findings should facilitate the development of more sophisticated systems for the production of useful reagents using C. utilis
Uptake of Galactose and Lactose by Kluyveromyces lactis: Biochemical Characteristics and Attempted Genetical Analysis
Glucose metabolism in the yeast Schwanniomyces castellii : Role of phosphorylation site I and an alternative respiratory pathway
Characterization of alternative respiratory pathways in the yeast Schwanniomyces castellii by study of mutants deficient in cytochrome a+a_3 and/or b
Structure of Debaryomyces castellii CBS 2923 phytase
The crystal structure of phytase from Debaryomyces castellii has been determined at 2.3â
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resolution