Is non-buffered DMEM solution a suitable medium for in vitro bioactivity tests?

Several laboratories had tested bioactivity of the materials in commercially available solution DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) that is normally used for cultivation of cell cultures. The objective of this work was to find out whether it is possible to replace TRIS-buffered SBF currently used for bioactivity tests with the non-buffered DMEM solution. To understand the role of the organic part of the DMEM solution in the process of crystallization, we have prepared non-buffered solution simulating only its inorganic part (identified as I-solution). It was found that under static-dynamic test conditions calcite (CaCO3) and the amorphous phase of calcium phosphate (ACP) formed on the surface of the glass-ceramic (45S5 bioactive glass based) scaffold exposed to both solutions. Additionally, halite (NaCl) formed at the beginning of exposure to DMEM. Hydroxyapatite phase was not detected on the surface in either non-buffered solution. Organic components contained in the DMEM solution failed to prevent formation of crystalline phases. The present results indicate that it is not recommendable to use DMEM for bioactivity tests of glass-ceramic materials due to its low concentration of Ca2+ ions, high concentration of HCO 3- ions and the necessity to maintain sterile environment during the test. © 2014 the Partner Organisations

Melissa Shih-hui Lin (2022): Můj první kurz češtiny. První učebnice češtiny pro tchajwanské studenty. Tchaj-pei: Royal Orchid International

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Iveta Čermáková a kol. (2022): Léčíme česky. Čeština pro sestry a jiné zdravotníky. Praha: Karolinum

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Milota Haláková, Marína Kšiňanová, Janka Bábelová (2019): Slovenčina ako liek. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského. Milota Haláková, Marína Kšiňanová, Janka Bábelová (2019): Slovenčina ako diagnóza. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského. Milota Haláková, Marína Kšiňanová (2020): Slovenčina ako cvičenie. Bratislava: Univerzita Komenského

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Čeština ve Velké Británii

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ČEŠTINA JAKO CIZÍ JAZYK NA DÁLNÉM VÝCHODĚ

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Marek Nekula a Kateřina Šichová (Eds.): Variety češtiny a čeština jako cílový jazyk

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Iveta Čermáková (2018, 2020): Talking Medicine: Czech for Medical Students. Praha: Karolinum Iveta Čermáková, Tereza Bakusová (2021): Talking Medicine 2: Case Reports in Czech. Praha: Karolinum

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Milan Hrdlička (2019): Kapitoly o češtině jako o jazyku nemateřském. Praha: Karolinum

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Opomíjené kategorie českých anglicismů: lexikální a sémantické kalky

The article outlines the status of calques among loanwords and their treatment in the Czech linguistic literature. It then presents the analysis of a sample of 1,360 calques (1,065 lexical, 295 semantic) from structural, word-class and semantic points of view, noting the differences between these two categories of anglicisms and their special features. It seeks to explain their different word-class distribution (nouns predominant among lexical calques; semantic calques approaching standard distribution). Among the interesting finds are the discovery of multi-word semantic calques and the very substantial number and rapid spread of this type of loan in general