Multicriteria decision making renewable energy technologies selection

ÖZETÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR ALMAYENİLENEBİLİR ENERJİ TEKNOLOJİLERİ SEÇİMİBu tezi amacı çok kriterli karar alma tekniklerini kullanarak yenilenebilir enerji üretim teknolojilerini seçmektir. Hiçbir itici gücün olmadığı ve en az yatırım gerektiren teknoloji çok kriterli karar alma tekniklerinden olan basit eklemeli sıralama (SAR), basit eklemeli ağırlık belirleme (SAW), Tercih sıralama organizasyon metodu (PROMETHEE) ve son olarak ta analitik hiyerarşik prosedür (AHP) tekniklerini kullanarak gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bu dört ayrı tekniğin uygulamasından aşağıdaki sonuçlar çıkarılmıştır.Karada ve denizde rüzgâr gücü en çok tercih edilen yenilenebilir enerji teknolojisi ve uygulamaya en uygun teknoloji olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Tercih edilmesinin sebepleri başlangıçta düşük yatırım ve işletme gereksinimi, tahmin edilebilir performans, ticari olarak gelişmiş-olgun teknoloji ve kolay ulaşılabilir teknoloji olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu sebeplerden dolayı da Türkiye’de belkide en çok tercih edilen yenilenebilir enerji üretim teknolojisi olarak son yılların tercihi olmuştur.Hidroelektrik rüzgârdan sonra gelen seçim olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Hidroelektrik geçmişte olduğu gibi gelecekte de Türk yatırımcının gözde enerji üretim teknolojisi olacaktır. ABSTRACTMULTICRITERIA DECISION MAKING RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES SELECTIONThe objective of this thesis is to determine the renewable energy generating technologies within multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) domain. No incentives and least cost type investments are to be determined by using various multicriteria decision methodologies, namely, simple additive ranking (SAR), simple additive ranking (SAR), Preference Ranking Organization METHod for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE) and Analytical hierarchical Process (AHP). Following conclusions can be drawn from the application of four different MCDM methods: • Wind power, wind on land and off shore, is by far the most preferred Renewable energy technologies, more feasible for application, since it provides several advantages: low initial and operational cost, unvarying performance, and commercially mature and available technology. This is why it has become a most preferred renewable energy investment in Turkey and success story across Europe in the last decade. • Hydroelectricity was the choice after wind power. Hydroelectric power was always the choice of Turkish investor for the years in the past and it will preserve its position for the years to come too

Efficient removal of methylene blue by photocatalytic degradation with TiO2 nanorod array thin films

TiO2 nanorod array thin films were synthesized on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrate by the hydrothermal method. The prepared TiO2 nanorod arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The effect of different synthesis conditions was investigated on the growth and photocatalytic activity of the samples. X-ray diffraction results show that the main phase of TiO2 is rutile and nanorod growth significantly depends on the synthesis conditions. TiO2 nanorod array thin films were used for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under UV irradiation (254 and 365 nm). The hydrothermal synthesis conditions of TiO2/FTO sample were determined for maximum photodegradation efficiency. Total degradation of 94 % was achieved under 254 nm and 69 % degradation was achieved under 365 nm with TiO2/FTO sample prepared with initial HCl:H2O = 1:1 ratio, 1.0 ml TiCl4 at 180 A degrees C for 2 h hydrothermal growth. The apparent reaction rate constant was calculated to be 0.0108 min(-1) under 254 nm and 0.0044 min(-1) under 365 nm

Photo(electro)catalytic Activity of Cu2+-Modified TiO2 Nanorod Array Thin Films under Visible Light Irradiation

In the present study, a two-step method was applied to synthesise Cu2 þ -modi?ed TiO2 nanorod array thin ?lms for photocatalytic processes. TiO2 nanorod array thin ?lms were synthesised by a hydrothermal method and then modi?ed with an ultrasonic-assisted sequential cation adsorption method. The samples were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse re?ectance spectra (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectro- scopy (ICP-MS) analysis. The photoelectrochemical properties of the samples were evaluated by linear sweep voltammetry and Mott–Schottky analysis; photocatalytic activities were tested by methylene blue degradation under visible light. The photocurrent density of the TiO2/FTO sample modi?ed with 50 mM Cu2 þ solution was 26 times higher than that of the unmodi?ed TiO2/FTO sample. Additionally, methylene blue degradation ef?ciency under visible light was increased 40% with respect to the ef?ciency of the unmodi?ed sample. The mechanism of the photocatalytic activity enhancement of Cu2 þ -modi?ed TiO2 lms was discussed

Photodegradation of Methylene Blue with Ag2O/TiO2 under Visible Light: Operational Parameters

Ag2O modified TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation and wet impregnation method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction technique, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to quantify Ag amount in the photocatalysts. The photocatalysts occurred in the concentration range of 0.05%-2% in the Ag/Ti molar ratio. The photocatalytic activity was investigated for the degradation of methylene blue as a model organic dye. Optimum reaction conditions were determined to provide maximum dye degradation efficiencies under visible light. Under visible light illumination, C2-Ag2O/TiO2 (Ag/Ti=0.1/100) showed the highest activity. Reaction rate constants were calculated and compared for various reaction conditions

Effects of boehmite synthesis conditions on the epoxidation of styrene

The influence of synthesis conditions on the properties of nanocrystalline boehmite catalysts was studied for styrene epoxidation reaction in liquid phase. At hydrothermal synthesis of boehmite, effects of pH, aging time and precursor aluminum salts were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and total surface area. Characterization results showed that boehmite samples were in the nanosize range and single-phase with high crystallinity. Styrene epoxidation reaction in liquid phase was performed over boehmite catalysts at 80 degrees C in ethanol, using 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution and urea + 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution as oxidants. The progress of the reaction was followed by gas chromatography (GC). Higher styrene conversion and higher epoxide selectivities were achieved when urea was mixed with H(2)O(2) solution. Boehmite catalyst samples aged for 8 h resulted in higher epoxide selectivities