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    ΠŸΠΎΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΠ½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ смСрти ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… взаимосвязь с климатичСскими ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ- экономичСскими показатСлями Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²

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    Background: The Β«years of potential life lostΒ» (YPLL) indicator is widely used in international studies. Still YPLL's variety in the Russian regions is poorly investigated.Objective: Our aim was to study the performance of YPLL in the regions of Russia in 2013 and their relationship with the regional socio-economic indicators.Methods: Non-clinical observational study was conducted. The object of study β€” YPLL in the Russian regions. YPLL per 100 thousand population (non-standardized and standardized to the world standard population age structure) is based on data of Rosstat. Subject of investigation β€” YPLL variability in the regions, the evaluation of the correlation between YPLL, climatic effect and socio-economic indicators of the regions.Results: The average standardized YPLL in the region was 20 185 (95% CI 19 272–21 029); non-standardized β€” 25 880 (95% CI 24 744–26 957). Maximum standardized YPLL above the minimum in 3.4 times. Minimum YPLL rates were recorded in the North Caucasus, Moscow and St. Petersburg; maximum β€” in Chukotka, Republic of Tuva and the Jewish Autonomous Region. Negative statistically significant correlation to the average power detected between YPLL and: 1) specific weight of the total space, equipped with water supply, hot water supply and sanitation; 2) share of population with tertiary education in total population; 3) road density (km of roads per 1000 sq km); 4) climatic conditions.Conclusion: The regional YPLL indicators vary considerably and are higher than the similar indicators in developed countries. According to the findings PYLL indicator are influenced by economic factor,indicators of household living conditions of the population, the infrastructure system in the region, the level of education of the population and climatic effect. The resuts we got require further multidisciplinary study of the problem.Π’ настоящСС врСмя ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ «потСрянныС Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈΒ» (ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ–) ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдованиях. НСдостаточно ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ различия ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Российской Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ (Π Π€) ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… взаимосвязь с ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскими показатСлями.ЦСль исслСдования: ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π Π€ Π·Π° 2013 Π³. ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… взаимосвязь с Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскими показатСлями.ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ нСклиничСскоС Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡŽΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ исслСдования β€” ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π Π€. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π½Π° 100 тыс. насСлСния (нСстандартизованныС ΠΈ стандартизованныС Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ стандарт возрастной структуры насСлСния) рассчитаны Π½Π° основС ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎ запросу Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Росстата ΠΎ числС ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΈ числСнности насСлСния Π² возрастных Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ… Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… Π Π€. ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ исслСдования β€” Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° коррСляционной взаимосвязи ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– с климатичСскими ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ-экономичСскими показатСлями Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ².Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹: срСднСС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ стандартизованных ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… составило 20 185 (95% Π”Π˜ 19 272–21 029); нСстандартизованных β€” 25 880 (95% Π”Π˜ 24 744–26 957). ВыявлСна Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ–: ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ стандартизованный ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ минимального Π² 3,4 Ρ€Π°Π·Π°. ΠœΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– зарСгистрированы Π² рСспубликах Π‘Π΅Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Кавказа, МосквС ΠΈ Π‘Π°Π½ΠΊΡ‚-ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π΅; ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ β€” Π² Чукотском Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³Π΅, РСспубликС Π’Ρ‹Π²Π° ΠΈ ЕврСйской Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ области. ΠžΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ статистичСски Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ взаимосвязи срСднСй силы установлСны ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– ΠΈ 1) ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ вСсом ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‰Π°Π΄ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ, горячим водоснабТСниСм ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ; 2) Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ насСлСния с Π²Ρ‹ΡΡˆΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ числСнности насСлСния; 3) ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ (ΠΊΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ Π½Π° 1000 ΠΊΠΌ2 Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ); 4) ΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ„ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ климатичСских условий.Π’Ρ‹Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹: Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² экономичСски Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Ρ… странах. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎ влиянии Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠŸΠ“ΠŸΠ– экономики, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… условий проТивания насСлСния, развитости инфраструктуры Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, уровня образования насСлСния, климатичСских условий. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя трСбуСтся дальнСйшСС ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ†ΠΈΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹

    Efficiency of influenza vaccination in patients with circulatory system diseases under dispensary observation in outpatient clinics: Prospective follow-up monitoring data

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    Aim. To estimate an efficiency of influenza vaccination in patients with circulatory system diseases diseases (CSD) under 3-year follow-up in outpatient clinics. Methods. The efficiency of influenza vaccination was investigated in CSD patients followed up at 2 Ivanovo outpatient clinics and 2 Saratov ones. The investigation enrolled 817 people, including 367 patients who consented to Grippol Plus influenza vaccination and 450 who refused. Results. During 36-month follow-up after being included in the study the vaccinated group showed a significantly fewer influenza and acute respiratory viral infections than the non-vaccinated group (28 and 442; p < 0.0001). The vaccinated group had fewer CSD worsening cases per patient (p = 0.04) and CSD-associated hospitalization rates (p = 0.006) than the non-vaccinated group. In the vaccinated group, the total number of cases of cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, deaths from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was significantly less (17) compared with non-vaccinated (38), p = 0.03. The risk of infectious diseases and acute cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, stroke, death from CVD) was significantly lower in the group of vaccinated patients: by 36% (p = 0.001) and by 59% (p = 0.008), respectively. Conclusion. Influenza vaccination, as an essential component of complex medical prevention, leads to reduction in incidence of infectious diseases and of CSD worsening including myocardial infarction, stroke, and death from CVD in patients under 3-year monitoring in outpatient clinics

    Insulin resistance: Good or bad? Development mechanisms and the association with age-related vascular changes

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    The authors discuss the mechanisms of insulin resistance (IR) development; the IR role in the development and progression of the major age-related vascular changes; IR and the transformation of vascular ageing into disease; and IR impact on life expectancy

    The study of longevity: Recent updates and further direction. Part 2

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    Regardless the global demographic tendencies of life duration increase, longevity and super longevity remain quite understudied and non-fully understood population. Broader studies needed to understand, what it means to live by 100-year old. Lots of studies are about the longevity predictors and ways of ageing, that could be therapeutical targets not simply for life duration, but life quality as well, and medical-social geriatrics. The program "A Centenarian", being conducted by leading scientific groups in Russia, is approaching a country unique medical, scientific and social data

    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля микроциркуляции ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°

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    The main function of the microcirculatory bed consists in maintaining tissue homeostasis at an optimal level irrespective of the effect of various external and internal factors. Of all types of metabolism (diffusive, filtration-reabsorption and vesicular), directly dependent on the haemodynamic parameters is filtration-reabsorption metabolism which provides exchange of water, low-molecular-weight and water-soluble substances at the opposite to the heart Β«poleΒ» of the cardiovascular system. The present study was aimed at testing a hypothesis that activation of metabolic processes in man would be accompanied by alterations in haemodynamic parameters which may be registered by means of modern non-invasive methods of examination, i. e., laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and computer-assisted capillaroscopy (CCS). We used actovegin as an activator of metabolic processes. The study included acute pharmacological testing in apparently healthy volunteers (n=28), a course of taking actovegin in patients with cognitive dysfunctions on the background of arterial hypertension (n=60) and in patients with chronic ischaemia of the lower limbs (n=80). The obtained findings of LDF and CCS demonstrated that the known metabolic effects of actovegin (improved utilization of oxygen and glucose by tissues) were accompanied by an increase in the number of functioning capillaries, increased velocity of capillary blood flow with a decrease in the degree of hydration of the interstitial space, thus reducing the Β«blood-cellΒ» distance for nutrients and products of tissue metabolism. Improvement of capillary blood flow was determined by a decrease in the tonicity of the capillary sphincters, thus leading to reduced arteriolar-venular shunting of blood with predominant supply to the capillary bed, improved NOmediated regulation of the value of the lumen of the precapillary arterioles by the microvascular endothelium, improved reaction of resistant microvessels to various dilatation stimuli. The obtained results make it possible to draw a conclusion that modern non-invasive methods of study of human microcirculation (LDF and CCS) are informative not only for assessment of the functional state of the microcirculatory bed of the skin but make it possible to evaluate efficacy of the filtration-reabsorption mechanism of metabolism.Основной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ микроциркуляторногорусла являСтся обСспСчСниС Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гомСостаза Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ дСйствия Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Из всСх Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств (Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционный ΠΈ вСзикулярный) нСпосрСдствСнно ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ зависит Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционный, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ обСспСчиваСт ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, низкомолСкулярных ΠΈ водорастворимых вСщСств Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ сСрдцу «полюсС» сСрдСчнососудистой систСмы. ЦСлью исслСдования являлась ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ активация мСтаболичСских процСссов Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ измСнСниями ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ соврСмСнных Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² исслСдования - Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ допплСровской Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ (Π›Π”Π€) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ капилляроскопии (КБ). Π’ качСствС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° мСтаболичСских процСссов использовали ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½. ИсслСдованиС Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ острый фармакологичСский тСст Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π°Ρ… (n=28), курсовой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ (n=60) ΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с хроничСской ишСмиСй Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй (n=80). ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ КБ ΠΈ Π›Π”Π€ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ извСстныС мСтаболичСскиС эффСкты Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° (ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ тканями кислорода ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ‹) ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ количСства Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… капилляров, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ скорости капиллярного ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° с ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ стСпСни Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сокращаСт Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Β«ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒ - ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Β» для ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π£Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ капиллярного ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° обусловлСно сниТСниСм тонуса капиллярных сфинктСров, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-Π²Π΅-нулярного ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ с прСимущСствСнным поступлСниСм Π΅Π΅ Π² капиллярноС русло, ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ NO-опосрСдованной рСгуляции микрососудистым эндотСлиСм Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ просвСта прСкапиллярных Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ», ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ рСзистивных микрососудов Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стимулы. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соврСмСнныС Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования микроциркуляции Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (Π›Π”Π€ ΠΈ КБ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состояния микрососудистогорусла ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств

    The study of longevity: Recent updates and further direction. Part 1

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    The increase of life duration leads to a sharp growth of the older and senile persons number. Differences in chronological and biological ages, of the velocity of ageing in different persons, make it to study biological and genetic factors of longevity. In the series of reviews we summarize the results of studies in these areas. However, except the fundamental scientific interest, general ageing of population and longevity are related to medical and social issues on the geriatric care organization. Regardless the high interest, longevity is still underinvestigated. The review focuses on the wide spectrum of longevity issues - from genetics to medical and social problems

    The study of longevity: Recent updates and further direction. Part 1

    No full text
    The increase of life duration leads to a sharp growth of the older and senile persons number. Differences in chronological and biological ages, of the velocity of ageing in different persons, make it to study biological and genetic factors of longevity. In the series of reviews we summarize the results of studies in these areas. However, except the fundamental scientific interest, general ageing of population and longevity are related to medical and social issues on the geriatric care organization. Regardless the high interest, longevity is still underinvestigated. The review focuses on the wide spectrum of longevity issues - from genetics to medical and social problems

    The study of longevity: Recent updates and further direction. Part 2

    No full text
    Regardless the global demographic tendencies of life duration increase, longevity and super longevity remain quite understudied and non-fully understood population. Broader studies needed to understand, what it means to live by 100-year old. Lots of studies are about the longevity predictors and ways of ageing, that could be therapeutical targets not simply for life duration, but life quality as well, and medical-social geriatrics. The program "A Centenarian", being conducted by leading scientific groups in Russia, is approaching a country unique medical, scientific and social data

    Π‘ΠΎΠ²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ возмоТности Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ контроля микроциркуляции ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°

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    The main function of the microcirculatory bed consists in maintaining tissue homeostasis at an optimal level irrespective of the effect of various external and internal factors. Of all types of metabolism (diffusive, filtration-reabsorption and vesicular), directly dependent on the haemodynamic parameters is filtration-reabsorption metabolism which provides exchange of water, low-molecular-weight and water-soluble substances at the opposite to the heart Β«poleΒ» of the cardiovascular system. The present study was aimed at testing a hypothesis that activation of metabolic processes in man would be accompanied by alterations in haemodynamic parameters which may be registered by means of modern non-invasive methods of examination, i. e., laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and computer-assisted capillaroscopy (CCS). We used actovegin as an activator of metabolic processes. The study included acute pharmacological testing in apparently healthy volunteers (n=28), a course of taking actovegin in patients with cognitive dysfunctions on the background of arterial hypertension (n=60) and in patients with chronic ischaemia of the lower limbs (n=80). The obtained findings of LDF and CCS demonstrated that the known metabolic effects of actovegin (improved utilization of oxygen and glucose by tissues) were accompanied by an increase in the number of functioning capillaries, increased velocity of capillary blood flow with a decrease in the degree of hydration of the interstitial space, thus reducing the Β«blood-cellΒ» distance for nutrients and products of tissue metabolism. Improvement of capillary blood flow was determined by a decrease in the tonicity of the capillary sphincters, thus leading to reduced arteriolar-venular shunting of blood with predominant supply to the capillary bed, improved NOmediated regulation of the value of the lumen of the precapillary arterioles by the microvascular endothelium, improved reaction of resistant microvessels to various dilatation stimuli. The obtained results make it possible to draw a conclusion that modern non-invasive methods of study of human microcirculation (LDF and CCS) are informative not only for assessment of the functional state of the microcirculatory bed of the skin but make it possible to evaluate efficacy of the filtration-reabsorption mechanism of metabolism.Основной Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ микроциркуляторногорусла являСтся обСспСчСниС Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ гомСостаза Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ нСзависимо ΠΎΡ‚ дСйствия Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈ Π²Π½ΡƒΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ². Из всСх Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств (Π΄ΠΈΡ„Ρ„ΡƒΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционный ΠΈ вСзикулярный) нСпосрСдствСнно ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ зависит Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционный, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ обСспСчиваСт ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹, низкомолСкулярных ΠΈ водорастворимых вСщСств Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌ сСрдцу «полюсС» сСрдСчнососудистой систСмы. ЦСлью исслСдования являлась ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ активация мСтаболичСских процСссов Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π±ΡƒΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ измСнСниями ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ соврСмСнных Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² исслСдования - Π»Π°Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ допплСровской Ρ„Π»ΠΎΡƒΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠΈ (Π›Π”Π€) ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ капилляроскопии (КБ). Π’ качСствС Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° мСтаболичСских процСссов использовали ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½. ИсслСдованиС Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΎ острый фармакологичСский тСст Π½Π° Π·Π΄ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡ†Π°Ρ… (n=28), курсовой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Ρ„ΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ (n=60) ΠΈ Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с хроничСской ишСмиСй Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ… конСчностСй (n=80). ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ КБ ΠΈ Π›Π”Π€ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ извСстныС мСтаболичСскиС эффСкты Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ½Π° (ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ тканями кислорода ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡŽΠΊΠΎΠ·Ρ‹) ΡΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ количСства Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… капилляров, ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ скорости капиллярного ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° с ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ стСпСни Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ пространства, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ сокращаСт Π΄ΠΈΡΡ‚Π°Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Β«ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΡŒ - ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Β» для ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… вСщСств ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π£Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ капиллярного ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° обусловлСно сниТСниСм тонуса капиллярных сфинктСров, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ ΠΊ ΡƒΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎ-Π²Π΅-нулярного ΡˆΡƒΠ½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ с прСимущСствСнным поступлСниСм Π΅Π΅ Π² капиллярноС русло, ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ NO-опосрСдованной рСгуляции микрососудистым эндотСлиСм Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ просвСта прСкапиллярных Π°Ρ€Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΎΠ», ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ€Π΅Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΈ рСзистивных микрососудов Π½Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Π΅ стимулы. Π Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ соврСмСнныС Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ исслСдования микроциркуляции Ρƒ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° (Π›Π”Π€ ΠΈ КБ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ для ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ состояния микрососудистогорусла ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡŽΡ‚ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-рСабсорбционного ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° вСщСств

    Gut microbiota and its relations with cardiovascular risk factors in almost healthy inhabitants of Moscow and Moscow Region

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    Aim. To investigate on the relation of microbiota content and cardiovascular risk factors among persons with no clinical signs of cardiovascular diseases. Material and methods. In the study, 92 Moscow and Moscow Region inhabitants included, men and women at age 25-76 y. o., with no clinical signs of chronic non-infectious diseases, not taking any medications, but with probable existence of cardiovascular risk factors. All participants underwent prescreening investigation that included physical examination, clinical and biochemical blood collection, electrocardiography, thread-mill test, risk factors assessment, and sequencing of the variable loci V3-V4 of the gene 16S of rRNA of gut microbiota. Results. During the study, it was revealed that in the studied cohort there were more opportunistic bacteria in the donors having risk factors: Serratia - in obese and glucose metabolism disorder, Prevotella - in obese, disordered glucose metabolism and raised systolic pressure, Blautia - glucose metabolism disorder and raised systolic pressure. Amylolytic bacteria Oscillosipa were less common in obese. Conclusion. The dysbalance of gut microbiota with riased level of opportunistic bacteria that potentially initiate systemic non-specific inflammation, is associated with the existence of cardiovascular risk factors
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